The period of lactation is from the start of sow till the end of weaning. Under normal feeding conditions, the lactation period is 35 to 42 days. The goal of feeding and management of lactating sows is to ensure safe sows delivery, prolific alive, and promote postpartum lactation of sows so that piglets can grow healthily and grow rapidly; on the other hand, to reduce the weight loss of weaning and maintain the normal condition In order to heat early after weaning, breeding again.
(1) Pig's delivery:
1 minute to prepare. First, the preparation of the stalls. About 1 week before the due date, sows are rushed to the stalls. Before entering the pig, clean and disinfect the maternity ward, and the side, bottom surface and utensils of the product shall be scrubbed and disinfected with alkali-alkali water and used after drying. The sow body surface should also be cleaned. Second, the preparation of consignment utensils and medicines. Such as lights, clean cloths, sawdust, washbasins, warm water, toothpliers, 5% iodine, oxytocin, penicillin, piglet insulation boxes and electric heaters. Third, the identification of labor. Mainly based on the sow's breast, vulva and behavioral manifestations of childbirth. The breast enlarges and hardens, the milk stem appears, and the milk is gently massaged. When the milk is clear and transparent, the childbirth is nearly 2 to 3 days. When the milk becomes yellow gel, the childbirth starts immediately. However, there are also individual sows that secrete milk after delivery. The vulva began to swell and sag 3 to 5 days before delivery, with depressions on both sides of the tail. Sensitive and uncomfortable, the sows often lay up, drink water, excrete and urinate, and bite the ticks before giving birth.
2 delivery and production. First, giving birth. Most of the sows at the time of childbirth are lying on the side, with abdominal pain, full body paralysis, and tight breathing. The amniotic fluid flows out of the vulva, the legs stretch forward, and the tail rolls upwards to produce piglets. Sometimes, the first piglet is discharged at the same time as the amniotic fluid, and at this time, the piglet should be immediately ready for delivery. When the fetus is produced, the head comes out first about 60% of the total number of litters, and the hips first out of about 45%, all of which are normal deliveries. Second, the production. The sow should be kept quiet during childbirth in order to facilitate childbirth, and sows are usually delivered at night or early morning. When the piglet is produced, first remove the mucus from the nose and mouth with a clean towel, let the piglet begin to breathe, and then wipe it dry. The umbilicus was then nicked by placing the piglet lying down, squeezing the umbilical cord blood towards the umbilicus of the piglet, cutting it approximately 4 to 6 cm away from the umbilicus of the piglet, and disinfecting the section with iodine. The treated piglets should be artificially assisted to eat colostrum as soon as possible and warmed in an incubator. When the sow is in production, it takes about 2 hours to complete the delivery. The short delivery time is only 0.5 hours and the longest one is 8 to 12 hours. Usually the sows are rarely difficult to produce, but sometimes due to the fetus is too large, the sow is too weak and unable to contract, etc., there will be dystocia, the need for artificial midwifery. If sows do not produce piglets for a long period of time, oxytocin can be injected first. If it is still not effective, the confinement personnel will have to trim their fingernails, clean their arms and disinfect them, apply lubricants, put their fingers together, and turn their palms upwards. When the sows are in the interval, slowly rotate into the birth canal. When the piglet is touched, the piglet is slowly pulled out as the sow shrinks. After giving birth, sows are injected with antibiotics to prevent birth canal infections.
(2) Feeding of lactating sows. Sows are in great need of nutrients during lactation, especially for sows that are more suckling piglets. The first reason is that sows are nursing their piglets all night, so that the daily maintenance needs of sows increase; the second is the nutritional consumption of large amounts of lactation. Sow milk is the only food within 5 days after birth, and almost exclusively on breast milk on 21 days. Breast milk also provides 66% nutrition on 35 days and 50% on 42 days. It can be seen that secreting a large amount of high-quality milk is a key factor in the survival and growth of piglets. However, nursing sows often inadvertently feed on the body's storage, relying on a large amount of body fat to supplement the energy needs of lactation, resulting in weight loss during sow lactation. Therefore, for nursing sows, on the one hand to develop a higher level of feeding, the energy per kilogram of formulated feed not less than 13389 kJ, crude protein is not less than 16%; on the other hand to increase the amount of feeding. Since the sows are affected after they have eaten, they should start reducing the dose before giving birth. On the day of childbirth, it is stopped, supplemented with bran soup or salt water. After delivery, due to excessive physical exertion of labor, body fatigue, and weak digestive function, the amount of feed should be gradually increased in 2 to 3 days, reaching 5 to 7 days. Normal ration for lactation, more than 4.5 kg per day, and feeding as much as possible, feeding sows with more than 10 suckling sows, feeding 0.5 kg for each additional one piglet, daily feed amount per head for 2 to 3 days before weaning Reduced to 1.5 to 1.8 kg. After feeding the feedstuff, the daily feed intake of the sow during lactation is critical, especially during the summer months. In order to increase feed intake, it is generally fed 3 times a day. When high temperatures occur in summer, multiple feedings during the day, evening and early morning are used. Routinely ensuring the sow's sufficient water supply, qualified farmers can feed some high-quality green feed or add 2% to 5% of fat to promote sow lactation and reduce constipation.
(3) Management of nursing sows. Appropriate management promotes postpartum body recovery and lactation performance in sows.
1 Ensure sufficient drinking water to meet the daily needs of a large number of lactation water, it is best to install automatic water diversion device.
2 maintain a suitable environment. Need daily ventilation, winter to be insulated to prevent the thief wind invasion; summer heatstroke. When the shepherd temperature is too high, the neck of the nursing sow may drip and the cooling effect is better. Clean the dung in a timely manner and keep it clean and dry. Disinfect and fly off regularly. 3 Ensure that the fence is smooth and the ground is flat to prevent scratching the sows' breasts and nipples.
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