Brazilian turtles, also known as red-eared turtles and green turtles, are excellent species of turtles. Originating in South America, China has been introduced in recent years. Brazilian color turtles have high therapeutic, medicinal and ornamental value and are suitable for artificial breeding.
First, the biological characteristics of the Brazilian color turtle head wide, kiss blunt, head and neck with yellow-green vertical stripes inlaid behind the eyes with a pair of red stripes. The carapace is flat, green or apple, with a prominent spine at the center of the back. The scutellum has a circular pattern of yellow and green phases. The web is light yellow and has symmetrical left and right irregular black circles, ovals and rod-shaped spots. Limbs pale green, gray-brown longitudinal stripes, toes, fingers with a beak.
Painted turtles in Brazil are aquatic and can live in deep waters. Young turtles perch in shallow water and live in groups. Hi sunshine, sun back habits stronger than other turtles. He slept from November to March of the following year and started activities in April. When the water temperature starts at 16°C, feeding begins.
Second, feeding equipment and the environment Brazil color turtle hatchlings available plastic pots, aquariums, glass jars and other containers, the water depth is slightly higher than the turtle back. The scale can raise a built pool, both indoor and outdoor. The turtle pond is made of cement and masonry structure. The size is suitable for the local conditions and the water depth is 30-50 cm. The wall of the pool is 50 cm above the water surface and is stuccoed to prevent the turtle from fleeing. In the pool, a suitably sized cement board is placed at an angle of 30 degrees half-dew. It serves as a food table and drying platform, as well as a shelter for turtles and turtles. The area of ​​the new turtle pond is generally 100 to 500 square meters, and the water depth is maintained at 80 to 120 centimeters. The slope of the pool is 30 degrees, so that the turtle will rest ashore and spawn. At a distance of 100 cm around the pool, bricks are used to form a low wall of 50 cm in height. The wall is 30 cm deep and the upper mouth is 10 cm inward. Surrounding venues serve as a sun-back, rest, and spawning ground for turtles. Spawning sites need to be covered with 20cm deep sand to facilitate spawning. Turtle pond should be built on the leeward sunny side, with adequate water sources, convenient drainage and irrigation, and not easy to be polluted. It is a secluded and shady place. Commercial turtles can be stocked in fish ponds and mixed with four live fish.
Third, feeding and management 1 Breeding density: General breeding turtles 3 to 5 per square meter, 10 to 15 turtles, 20 to 30 young turtles, 50 to 100 young turtles. Fish pond polyculture 100 to 500/mu. 2 Feeding: The feed is mainly animal feed such as small fish and shrimp, snail meat, earthworm, and animal viscera. Both raw and cooked foods can be supplemented with a small amount of plant-based feed such as grains and fruits to add a variety of vitamins and trace elements. According to the size of the turtle, it should be washed and chopped and it can be swallowed. Adult turtles can feed directly. Grains should be soaked in advance. The amount of daily feed is 5% to 10% of the weight of the turtle, which is appropriately increased in the summer. 8 to 9 o'clock and 16 to 17 o'clock each time. Feeding points should be fixed for a long time. Fish and fish pond polyculture only increases fish feed without additional feeding. Diseased fish, pan fish is a good feed for it. At the same time to prevent the infection of fish disease play a certain role in prevention.
Fourth, the sexual maturity of breeding Brazilian turtles is generally around 3 to 5 years. Artificial warming culture can be early sexual maturity. The group combination is preferably 4 mothers and 1 male. In size, the female of the same age is about twice as large as the male. The female turtle's tail is short and thin, and the cloacal site does not exceed the posterior margin of the carapace. The male turtle's tail is long and thick, and the cloaca is far from the tail base. It is outside the posterior margin of the carapace. The estrus mating begins in mid-to-late April, and the spawning season starts in May-August. Each spawns 10 to 17 pieces. Annual production of eggs 3 to 4 times. The egg is rosy and round. Eggs with white patches on the egg shells are fertilized eggs. The spawning time for Brazilian painted turtles is generally between 6 and 17 o'clock. The author has not discovered the phenomenon of spawning at night. At the time of spawning, first use the hindquarters to lick a hole with a diameter of 8 cm and a depth of about 10 cm. The cave surface is slightly lower and moist than the ground, and it is easy to find. The entire spawning process takes about 2 hours.
Fifth, hatching hatchery is generally 2 square meters in size. First lay 3 to 5 cm thick fine stones at the bottom of the pool, then put 3 cm thick wet sand, bury the geothermal heating line in the sand, and then dig out the eggs every other day and arrange them in order on the sand. 1 cm spacing, 3 cm thick wet sand on the eggs, and then put the second layer, the same cover with wet sand, wet cloth on the sand complex block, in order to facilitate the water, and cover glass moisturizing (glass is conducive to observation). Check once every two days, such as the sand dry white, should be a small amount of water to moisturize. The incubation temperature is controlled at about 30°C and the relative humidity is maintained at about 85%. For small-scale hatching, use wooden boxes with a few holes at the bottom of the box to facilitate leakage. Other operations are the same as hatching pool. Heating can use different wattage incandescent bulbs for heating depending on the size of the container. The temperature is controlled between 24 and 35 °C. Generally about 60 to 80 days out of shell. When the hatchlings hatch, they will arch out the sand. After the umbilical cord falls off, it is placed in a potassium permanganate solution and sterilized for 10 to 15 minutes, and then put into shallow pool for raising. Hatchlings that have just hatched should not be fed with feed immediately. They should be fed one day later with cooked egg yolks or chopped oysters and fish. Feed 2 times a day and feed it after changing the water every time. The general ambient temperature is preferably maintained at about 28-32°C.
Sixth, winter management of Brazil turtles into hibernation below 15 °C. Outdoors are overwintering and plastic films are needed to prevent freezing during the cold season. General winter water temperature is not lower than 4 °C. In the late November, turtles can be moved into the indoor pool for winter, and about 30 turtles weighing 500 grams can be placed per square meter. Water depth can be maintained at 15-20 centimeters. It is covered with insulation, but it is necessary to pay attention to ventilation, and it is generally advisable to keep the water from freezing.
VII. Disease Prevention Brazilian color turtles are generally not susceptible to disease, but prevention should be the priority. In the juvenile tortoise stage, the mixture of furazolidone and potassium permanganate is used in the water once a week. Furazolidone 2ppm, one-thousandth of potassium permanganate. If you do not pay attention to cleanliness, turtles eat deteriorating feed, and sometimes also cause gastrointestinal problems, can be mixed with antibiotics in food, 500 grams of turtle medication 1/2 tablet, or injection of chloramphenicol 100,000 international units. In normal times, care should be taken to prevent the infestation of juvenile tortoises by rats, snakes, cats, and dogs. Prevent toxic contamination of feed. Feeding sites are strictly prohibited from spraying highly toxic pesticides.
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