The malformation mushrooms are diverse in their manifestations. The common ones in production are: land mushroom, hollow mushroom, big ass mushroom, hard open umbrella and early open umbrella, red root, rust spots. Landmine mushrooms. The main reasons for the formation are overburdened earthen materials, harder soils, thicker overburdens, and less water in the surface layer of the overburden, and the temperature and humidity conditions of the lower part and the base material are suitable for the occurrence and growth of fruiting bodies. The lower layer of the layer differentiates to form a fruit body, and then the soil surface is drilled. Solution: Select high-quality humus soil, preferably using peat soil. Even if soil is borrowed from the general cultivated land and dig soil below 20 cm, it does not matter. A certain amount of mature cow dung or wheat bran and rice husk can be blended in proportion. Etc.; in the process of soil extraction, soil drying and treatment, should be sieved, so that the majority of soil particles to maintain the same size as the wheat grain, the largest corn grain can be about 1/2, accompanied by some soil particles; Too thick, usually about 3 centimeters can be, conditional can be covered with a thick layer of 1-1.5 cm thick soil, after the cover of fine soil, and pay attention to maintain a corresponding uniform moisture content. Hollow mushroom. It is due to the lack of water in the cover soil, or the low water content of the base material, which results in the inability of the mushroom body to meet the need for maintaining normal growth of water. In addition to solving the problem of water in the overburden layer, the appropriate shelter wetness is an effective auxiliary measure. Generally, it can be adjusted within the range of 85-90%, and it is unfavorable to go too high or too low. Big butt mushroom. The reason for this is that the temperature of the shed is suddenly increasing and dipping, the temperature difference is large, or it is attacked by cold or hot air, the growth of the stipe of stipe is not balanced; or the wet condition of the shed is too low, and the water content of the cover soil is suitable, etc. Ass mushroom. In addition, certain chemical drugs can also cause the occurrence of this type of abnormal mushroom. Hard open umbrella. The reason is that the temperature difference between day and night in the mushroom room is more than 10°C, or the hard open umbrella caused by the cold air attack. Mushroom density is too large, the temperature is too high, the humidity is too low, and the fruiting bodies grow quickly and the handle is thin and thin, etc., all will cause early parachute. The prevention method is to cover the drapery outside the room during the temperature fusion to keep the indoor temperature and humidity stable. Red root. Before the mushrooming stage, the water is too hot, the water content in the overburden layer is too large, the acidity of the culture material, the oversupply of sugar, excessive ventilation, etc. may form red roots. Care should be taken to keep the soil moisture content between 22-25% and avoid water spray at high temperatures. Top dressing should be appropriate and sugar should be appropriate. If red roots are found, lime water may be sprayed as appropriate. Rust spots. After the mushroom has sprayed water several times, it is required to open the doors and windows for 0.5-1 hours for ventilation to keep the indoor air fresh. Otherwise, the humidity in the mushroom room is too large, it will make the surface of the mushroom to stay small water droplets, a long time to form rust-colored spots. In addition, certain drugs, oils and gases such as diesel commonly used in rural areas, dichlorvos commonly used on edible fungi, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide produced by heating stoves can also cause the occurrence of several other kinds of malformed mushrooms, and should be seriously Analyze the reason and prescribe the right medicine so as to avoid damage to the production.
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