It is said that "spring rain is as expensive as oil", but this year, most provinces in China are not able to realize this kind of "precious", because in the past one or two months, many places in the country have been covered by rainy weather, which has caused a lot of vegetable production. Impact. According to the weather forecast, the rainy weather in many places will continue until the end of February and extend until March, reminding farmers to strengthen the management of vegetables and strive to minimize the impact.
Continuous low temperature and rain affects vegetable production
Some vegetables have been largely delayed
Anhui Xiangyang vegetable farmers reflected that because of the rainy days in the local “monthsâ€, the colonization of watermelons has been postponed a lot. In the past, the earliest twelfth lunar month was planted, and the late seven or eight can be planted, but this year is cloudy or under Rain, it is impossible to colonize.
The cucumber growers in Lijing Town, Jingzhou, Hubei Province reacted. From the end of December last year to the present, there was almost no sun for a few days. The cucumber seedlings that were bred did not dare to plant. The temperature was too low to survive. "This year is delayed ten times than last year. Come to the sky, then watch the temperature rise and re-plant. Also, this year many vegetable seedlings are heated by the geothermal line, and the electricity cost causes the cost to increase."
Vegetable seedlings have obvious effects
This weather has also caused various problems for some vegetable nurseries.
At present, it is the key period for the growth of pepper and watermelon seedlings. In the nursery base of Anhui Xinyuan Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., staff member Ji Hongbing said, “Continuous high humidity increases the incidence of diseases, and low temperature affects the growth rate of seedlings. In particular, our grafted seedlings have reduced transpiration and reduced survival rate. This year, more than 3 million vegetables and watermelon seedlings have been cultivated. At present, grafted seedlings have shown signs of slowing growth."
Vegetable diseases occur more seriously
This kind of weather is not only uncomfortable, but the vegetables in the greenhouse can't stand it. The continuous rainy weather causes the soil moisture content to be too large, and even in a long period of time, it is saturated, causing soil hypoxia, inhibiting the physiological activities of vegetables, thereby affecting the absorption of water and fertilizer, leading to the decline of roots. At the same time, even in the rainy weather, the vegetables are not well illuminated, and the breathing is consumed, causing the growth of the body, the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruit, and the induction of various diseases.
Mr. Liu Qiang from Jiangsu Suqian Emerging Watermelon Technical Service Center introduced that the special weather in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai this year has greatly delayed the planting of watermelon in early spring. Some farmers disregard the weather or seize the time to plant early, resulting in the emergence of dead seedlings, yellow seedlings and even roots. Dead seedlings. On a rainy day, the photosynthesis of watermelon is weak, the ability to absorb nutrients is poor, the humidity is high, and diseases such as melon seedling disease, blight, and disease are more likely to occur. At the same time, due to the difficulty in the operation of drugs on rainy days, it is also more likely to cause phytotoxicity.
Management of shed vegetables in bad weather
Clearing drainage, heavy weight
Clean up the drainage ditches in time to avoid excessive water accumulation after the rain, causing the roots of the vegetables to rot. Open vegetables should ensure that the drainage is smooth and the rain stops. Ditch drainage should also be carried out around the greenhouse to ensure that there is no water in the trenches in the field.
Do a good job of ventilation, humidity, insulation
The management of greenhouse vegetables should pay attention to heat preservation and dehumidification. During the daytime, ventilation and ventilation should be carried out in time, and light should be added. At night, multiple layers of insulation measures should be taken to prevent freezing damage and cold damage. In continuous rainy weather, it is best to install a rain-proof membrane at the air outlet of the greenhouse to prevent raindrops from falling on the vegetable leaves, and not to hinder the ventilation and cooling of the greenhouse when it rains. It is best to cover the dry straw in the greenhouse. It has a heat preservation effect at night and plays a role of humidity during the day.
Strengthen vegetable seedling management
For older seedlings, especially tomato seedlings, in the case of greenhouses and other cultivation facilities are ready, you can seize the opportunity to colonize; for the case of not yet ready for planting, you should take a mobile nursery, trays and other seedling containers to properly root Inhibition of seedling growth, while diluting nutrient sputum, plugs, increasing the growth space of seedlings, prohibiting watering, removing other coverings in the greenhouse as much as possible during the day to increase light and reduce humidity. On cloudy days, you can choose leeward around noon. Ventilation in the greenhouse for a short period of time to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse; to strengthen the drainage work outside the greenhouse, it is strictly forbidden to accumulate water outside the nursery shed.
Supplemental lighting
For seedlings that are shortly planted and have small plants, especially melons and eggplant seedlings, the most important task in continuous low-temperature and rainy weather is to supplement the light and reduce the humidity of the seedbed as much as possible under the premise that the seedlings are not chilled. The nursery site can be heated by electric heating wire and covered with multi-layer film insulation. Conditional heating, electric heating line, fill light and other methods can be used to increase temperature and fill light. The height of the fill light should be more than 30 cm from the seedlings to prevent burns on the seedlings and pay attention to electricity safety. When the minimum temperature is below 5 °C at night, turn on the geothermal line to warm up.
Strengthen disease prevention
Focus on prevention and treatment of diseases such as rickets, blight, gray mold, blight, sclerotinia, root rot and so on. Rainy and snowy weather has high humidity, and pesticide spraying should be minimized. It can be controlled by fuming agents or by spraying or smearing. However, the fumigant should be used with caution in seedlings to avoid use in small arch sheds to prevent phytotoxicity. The spray of the medicament should be carried out after the temperature in the shed rises in the morning on a sunny day. Greenhouse vegetables grab sunny days and remove dead leaves, diseased leaves, diseased fruits and remove them from the shed. At low temperature, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed 1-2 times to enhance plant resistance. The loss of fertilizer in open field vegetables is high, and should be applied according to the growth of the plant and the weather.
How to manage vegetables after rainy weather
Slowly see the light and avoid flashing
Even when the rainy weather is fine, you can use one or three grasshoppers to uncover one method, so that the vegetables can gradually see the light and avoid the seedlings. Repeated for several times or several days, the number of unveiled is from small to large, until the vegetables grow normally.
The shacks using the roller blind machine should not pull all the grasshoppers apart, first roll them up a little, and then gradually increase the amount. After entering the normal management, the temperature should be as early as possible and the grass cover should be covered as early as possible. The time for uncovering the grass should be unsuited for the temperature in the shed after the grass is uncovered. The time for covering the grass should be based on the season and indoor temperature. It is advisable to cover the grass when the temperature in the shed falls to 17 °C.
Timely recovery
Cut off the diseased seedlings, artificially spray water, manage with low temperature and less light, gradually increase the light and increase the temperature inside the shed. Plants with weaker growth or more results should be harvested in time, and appropriate amount of flowers and fruits should be reduced to reduce nutrient consumption. At the same time, foliar spray fertilizer, supplement nutrition. Generally, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.3% calcium nitrate and 1% glucose solution can be sprayed on the foliage.
Strengthen moisture control and disease prevention
The air humidity in the shed is large, and it is easy to induce diseases. It should be ventilated and drained at noon for a short time to control the occurrence of diseases; pay special attention to the indoor temperature range of 15-25 °C to ensure that the relative humidity of the air is controlled below 90%, so as to avoid the rapid infection of pathogenic bacteria. At the time of onset, smoke and dust can be used to prevent and apply evenly, so as to avoid excessive humidity in the shed.
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