The occurrence of cotton seedling disease is characterized by the onset of time, usually occurs 15 to 30 days after sowing. The primary source of infection is mainly from the soil and a few from the seed. Around April 20 of this year, many provinces suffered from continuous rain and low temperatures. The occurrence of Miao disease is bound to be serious and all localities must promptly prevent and control it.
First, the symptoms
(i) Blight. Before the cotton seedlings are unearthed, they will cause bad seeds and bad shoots. After the emergence of cotton seedlings, the base of young shoots near the ground appeared yellowish-brown and turned black. The lesions gradually expanded and surrounded the entire base of the stem, eventually causing the seedlings to shrink and die. Pulling up the diseased seedlings shows that the diseased part often adheres to the surrounding soil. After cotyledon damage, irregular yellow-brown lesions appeared in the middle of the cotyledon.
(b) Anthrax. Before the emergence of cotton seedlings, the hypocotyls and young roots turned brown and rotted. After the emergence of cotton seedlings, the base of the stem appeared reddish-brown spots, and then expanded into a purple-brown, depression-shaped stripe spot. The lesions often subsidered in the longitudinal cracks, around the contracture, the cotton seedlings were easy to lose waist and die. In moist conditions, lesions can develop in depth, reaching the top of the young stem formation top rot. After the roots are impregnated, they are dark brown and semi-humid. They are not easily broken after being pulled out. The incidence of cotyledons was mostly semi-circular brownish to brown lesions on the leaf margin with reddish-brown edges. Under wet conditions, orange-red sticky spore masses formed on the lesion surface.
(c) Red rot. Before the cotton seedlings were unearthed, the young shoots turned brown and rotted. After the cotton seedlings emerged, the roots became damaged. The root tips first became pale yellow, and then they turned brown and decayed. They gradually spread to the whole roots. The young stems suffered damage, first became yellow-brown, and then turned brown and rot. The lesions did not sag; The damage to the tender stems of the ground will become coarse and produce brown short streaks. This is the main feature of the disease; cotyledon victims suffer from gray-red irregularities or near-circular lesions on the edges, and lesions often rupture. A pink mold layer develops in the affected area under humid conditions.
(d) Stumble disease. The main symptoms were as follows: the seedlings were softened from the base with pale brown water-like upwards, and the cotyledons were then softened and stained with water stains. The disease developed rapidly and was referred to as damping-off. Most of the bacteria first invade from the young and fine roots, and extend to young stems and whole seedlings. When the soil moisture is high, seeds and newly sprouted shoots may also be infected, affecting emergence or forming weak seedlings. White fine floc is sometimes seen on fallen dead shoots.
Second, the incidence conditions
(i) Climate conditions. The growth, reproduction, and dissemination of pathogenic bacteria at the seedling stage require higher humidity. Therefore, if the seedling stage encounters rain or soil moisture and soil temperature is low, it is conducive to disease development. In case of low temperature below 10°C, it will be rotten. Two weeks after the emergence of cotton seedlings, the cotton seed nutrient itself has been depleted and the ability of the cotton seedlings to produce nutrients is weak. At this time, the disease resistance of cotton seedlings is extremely poor and it is easy to induce disease.
(b) The quality of seeds. Seed maturity is low, or it is affected by moisture, and it is easy to rot and shoot. It is not only unfavorable for emergence, but also weak seedlings after emergence, and is susceptible to disease.
(3) Quality of sowing. The cotton seeds are full of grains, strong in life, quick to unearth, and strong and resistant to disease. On the contrary, it is unearthed slowly, weak and resistant to disease.
(iv) Farming cultivation measures. The strains in the soil of continuous cotton fields are accumulated year after year, and the disease is heavy. Low-lying, poorly-drained cotton fields, high soil moisture, low ground temperature, poor ventilation, poor root development of cotton seedlings, and susceptibility to disease; extensive site preparation or cultivation, excessive soil waste, or overburdening when planting, all affect the emergence of cotton seedlings. Serious; sowing too early, too deep cotton seedlings unearthed, easy to disease.
Third, control methods
Due to the variety of diseases of cotton seedlings, several diseases often occur mixedly, and affected by environmental conditions and disease resistance of cotton seedlings. Therefore, in terms of prevention and control, we should focus on seedling disinfection and soil treatment, and focus on seedlings. Stage cultivation management and chemical control measures.
(a) Cultivation management. After the emergence of cotton, the ability to absorb inorganic nutrients is weak, the leaf area is small, and the organic nutrients produced by photosynthesis are insufficient. Coupled with the adverse climate and environment, root growth is more difficult, which also aggravates the occurrence of diseases. Therefore, cotton cultivating at the seedling stage and raising the ground temperature are necessary measures to solve the disease at the seedling stage.
(b) Chemical control. After the emergence of cotton, spraying 600-800 times the drought-resistant seedling Tianda-211 solution 1 to 2 times, can improve the cotton seedlings resistance to low temperature and disease resistance. At the early stage of disease, 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800 times solution plus 70% mancozeb manganese dioxide 600 times can be sprayed once every 7 days and sprayed twice. The use of fungicides with foliar fertilizers is better.
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