In recent years, due to lack of understanding of the key technologies for the high yield of summer maize, many farmers have not really grasped the application and have not implemented it in the fields, which has affected the further increase of production. The improved varieties must be supported by good methods and standardized cultivation in order to realize the potential for increased yield of varieties and achieve high yields of summer maize.
1 High-quality, high-yield and high-resistance varieties are the intrinsic factors of increasing corn yield and improving quality. With the successful cultivation of new super maize varieties, the yield increase effect of improved varieties will become more apparent. Research shows that genetic factors account for about 60% of the increase in corn production. In the production, one generation of hybrids with wide adaptability, good resistance to disease and lodging, good potential for yield increase, and strong growth potential must be selected, such as Zhengdan 958, Ludan 981, and Nongda 108. Seed quality must be above the international level 2 and the seed bud rate should be above 95%. According to the test, if the purity of the primary seed of corn (98% purity) is reduced by 1%, the yield of corn will decrease by 0.61%. In addition, sowing and fine selection should be carried out before sowing, removing mold, insect bites, etc.
2 Seed Coating Technology Seed coating can play two roles: drying and seed dressing. It has many functions such as sterilization, insecticidal and seedling growth, which is beneficial to seedlings and seedlings, and has obvious effect on increasing yield. Optional Yufeng harvest special coating agent, dosage 50ml package seed 5 ~ 7kg.
3 early sowing techniques when the early sowing of summer maize sows as soon as possible, early sowing is the key to achieve high yield of summer corn. According to trials, from May 26th to July 6th, sowing every day for 1 day, an increase of 1% per mu. Early harvesting during the grab can also avoid the formation of yellow shoots, purple seedlings and dry weather in early September in the rainy buds at the beginning of June and early July. Depth 3 ~ 5cm, 2 per hole, about 3kg per mu. According to the survey, different maize varieties with similar growth period can produce 20-40 kg per mu.
4 Proper planting density The planting density is determined based on the characteristics of the species, soil conditions, and climatic conditions. Summer maize should be seeded before 5 leaves are visible. It is not only easy to pull the seedlings too late, but also the roots and leaves interact with each other. It is easy to cause the seedlings to be scarce, the plants are thin, and they are stunted. It is also easy to cause lodging. The density is too large, the fields are covered with weeds, and weeds are more likely to cause diseases. Seedling density: Zhengdan 958 and other close-to-middle-maturing varieties of 4500 to 5000 per acre, Ludan 981, Nongda 108 and other large ear varieties 3300 to 3800 per mu.
5 Chemical Weeding Techniques Weeds are harmful to corn. Surveys have shown that there are 8 to 10 grasses per 0.1 square meters of corn, which will reduce production by 12.8%. Chemical herbicides require strict selection of the type of herbicide, master the best drug use period, and accurately control the dosage. Corn before sowing can be used before the bud 40% EtOH 200ml, 50kg water evenly sprayed between the surface, or mu 50% acetochlor EC 100 ~ 120ml, or 40% EtOH 150 ~ 200ml water 50kg spray ground. Corn seedlings growing to more than 30cm can be used with 20% grams of traceless water agent 120 ~ 150ml, directed spray of water 30 ~ 50kg (be careful not to spray on corn seedlings) for herbicide.
6 Balanced fertilization technology The comprehensive use of "soil testing - formula - fertilization" technology model, according to the proportion of scientific and rational fertilization. Summer maize can be applied to basal fertilizer in direct-sowing field, and interplanting corn can be used as seed fertilizer. Mushi phosphoric acid ammonia 3 ~ 5kg, potassium chloride 5kg, zinc sulfate 1 ~ 2kg, manganese sulfate 1 ~ 2kg. When fertilizing, do separate fertilizers to avoid burning seedlings. Application of seed fertilizer when sowing generally increase production 5% to 10%. Potassium fertilizer and zinc fertilizer significantly inhibited stem rot in maize. Seedling stage is a sensitive period for phosphorus requirement of maize. Miao fertilizer can be used to apply 50-60kg standard phosphate fertilizer, 20-25kg standard potassium fertilizer, and 30% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer (25-30kg equivalent to standard nitrogen fertilizer) from the fixed seedling stage to the jointing stage. Pan-fertilizer is usually re-applied with nitrogen fertilizer at the mouth stage, accounting for 50% of the total amount of topdressing, and topdressing 30 to 40kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer per mu. Granular fertilizer is usually applied to watering 10 to 20 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer from tasselling to flowering. It can also be sprayed with 0.4% to 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 75 to 100 kg per acre evenly to extend the functional period of the leaves and can be increased. Corn kernel weight. Fertilize 10cm from the plant ditch 10 ~ 15cm, ditch depth 9 ~ 12cm applied, cover soil watering.
7 Water-saving irrigation technology To ensure sufficient planting of tinea oleracea, sufficient water must be poured 15 to 20 days before wheat harvest. The appropriate amount of water per mu is 20 to 25 cubic meters. Tests have shown that when the soil moisture content is lower than 13%, no seedlings can emerge; 14% of the seedlings begin to emerge; 17% to 19% have the fastest emergence and the highest emergence rate; more than 19% easily lead to hypoxic rotten seedlings and lack of seedlings. Seedlings of maize seedlings are so warm that they are more tolerant to drought, afraid of earthworms, and appropriate droughts are good for root-enhancing seedlings. The number of watering seedlings can be controlled in 1 to 2 times, avoid large water immersion irrigation, soil relative moisture content of about 60% is more appropriate, irrigation volume of about 60 cubic meters per mu, the case of concrete drainage. More water is needed at the heading stage, and the head water must be re-poured to maintain the relative soil moisture content at 65% to 80%. After the jointing of corn (mid-to-late July), 200-300 kg of crushed wheat straw per acre is used to cover the soil surface in the field. This will not only increase rainfall infiltration, but also increase the capacity of water storage and protection, and at the same time, it will inhibit the growth of weeds and destroy them. Soil consolidation, fertility and other advantages. During the flowering stage, maize is very sensitive to the water reaction and is the critical period of water demand. At this time, the water consumption of corn accounts for 50% of the total water consumption, and the soil moisture needs to maintain 70%-80% of the field water holding capacity. If you don't see it, you can water it when you see it, especially if you don't have enough water within 25 days after pollination. The middle and early August is the period of maize loose-powder filling, and it is also a sensitive stage for corn plants to respond to wetness. According to the research, the wet-damaged fields in this period can lead to a 10% to 15% reduction in corn production, and 3 to 5 days of continuous water accumulation in the field, which can lead to a 20% to 40% reduction in production.
8 Integrated control technologies for pests and diseases During the seedling stage, major pests such as tigers, aphids, armyworms, thrips, and planthoppers are prevented. Available 2.5% enemy killing 0.05% poisonous sasha on both sides of seedlings to prevent underground pests such as tigers, etc.; 40% omethoate 1500 times spray can be used to control armyworm, aphids, thrips, etc. . Earlings can be used to control corn borer at the earliest stage, with 3% phoxim granules 1.5-2kg per mu, plus fine sand 5-6kg, or 50% phoxim EC formulated with 0.1% dose of toxic soil. Evenly spread in the heart of corn. Granule period with 40% omethoate 1500 ~ 2000 times spray control aphids.
Prevention and treatment of seedling blight can be sprayed or watered at the beginning of the disease 95% Green Heng 1 (Qitoxing) boutique 4000 times liquid. To prevent and treat corn rough dwarf disease, mu can be sprayed with 1.5% of phytosanitary II No. 800 to 1000 times liquid. The control of corn leaf spot can be sprayed with 50% carbendazim 500 to 800 times or 50% chlorothalonil and 70% thiophanate 500 times. Corn rust and brown spot can be sprayed with 20% triamcinone EC 75-100ml/mu in the early stage of disease.
9 Artificial detasseling and assisted pollination techniques The tassel has a greater influence on the illumination in the canopy. Therefore, when the male decoction is performed, the detasseling can be performed alternately, or the septa are emasculated. The number of detasseling plants does not exceed half of the total number of plants in the field, and after pollination is completed Remove all remaining tassels. Tests have shown that, after castration, maize yield can generally be increased by 6.83% to 10.35%. The upper leaves cannot be removed when the male is removed, and removing the top leaves leads to a reduction in yield.
Artificial pollination should be carried out at the end of flowering and sunny days from 9 to 11 o'clock. It should be pollinated while collecting powder, which can reduce baldness and lack of grain.
10 Appropriate late harvest techniques Summer corn harvest is an important measure to increase production. The suitable harvest period of corn is the ripening period. The physiological sign is that the base layer of the grain forms a black layer and the milk line disappears. If the loquat leaf turns white, it will often reduce production by about 10%.
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