Silica-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is a by-product of the alumina production process, commonly known as red mud. This material is rich in essential minerals, including 20.58% water-soluble silica, 40.95% calcium oxide, 19.0% magnesium oxide, 2.4% potassium oxide, and 0.68% iron oxide. When applied to plants, it helps strengthen cell walls, creating a physical barrier that protects against fungal infections and insect infestations. This not only improves the tree’s resilience but also enhances its overall vitality and disease resistance.
Research conducted by the Shandong Institute of Pomology showed promising results when this fertilizer was used on Golden Delicious and Guoguang apple trees. Applying 5 kg per plant led to a significant increase in leaf calcium content, ranging from 8.2% to 34.5%, and a rise in silicon levels between 5.7% and 35.4%. Over four years of continuous use, the incidence of rot disease decreased by 11% to 22% compared to the control group. After three years of application, the average weekly dry growth increased by 13.2% to 19.2%. Additionally, the fertilizer contributed to improved fruit firmness, with an increase of 1.3% to 5.7% compared to the control. The soluble solids content also rose by 2.7% to 6.4%, enhancing fruit quality and storage stability. For example, Golden Crown apples stored until the end of December showed a reduction in spoilage by 15.9% to 45.6%.
This type of fertilizer is alkaline, with a pH value ranging from 10 to 12, making it most suitable for slightly acidic or acidic soils. It is recommended to apply it during late autumn or early spring, ideally mixed with base fertilizers for better nutrient absorption and long-term soil improvement.
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