Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Sclerotinia Sclerotinia
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important disease of rapeseed, and it is widely distributed in China, especially in the Yangtze River basin and the south. It usually occurs from 10% to 30% in normal years, and serious to 80%. The loss is very serious.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is caused by a fungus that can occur at various stages of rape growth but is most severe after flowering. The seedling stage causes seedling rot, death, or poor growth; adult plant leaves exhibit large and irregular leaf spots and defoliation, and stalks develop prismatic, elongated, or large spots around the stem. In case of wet weather, the diseased part was in a wet rot and grew out of white cotton floc-like hyphae called "white culm" or "mould stalk". The victims are also wet and rot. A large number of white cotton flocculent hyphae from the diseased area and later sclerotia (especially in the middle and lower parts of the stem) are the two important features of Sclerotinia.
The bacteria used sclerotia to overwinter in soil, seed and winter rapeseed strains. The sclerotia can survive for 4 to 10 years under dry conditions, but it decays in water at 30°C for 30 days, and the wintery sclerotia starts to form ascendants from February to March, resulting in a large number of ascospores. This period is exactly the flowering period in which rape is most susceptible, and when it encounters more rainy weather, the disease may be endemic. For this purpose, rotations are implemented, especially for paddy crops and dry crop rotations; the continuous cropping and non-rotation of cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage and radish are the primary prevention and control measures.
In addition, the pathogen itself is less parasitic and can only infect from wounds or natural orifices and infect only old, yellow leaves and petals, and anthers. According to the survey, the bacterial rate of petals can be as high as 90% or more, and flowering has become a very important form of infection. Therefore, comprehensive use of agricultural measures to prevent disease and spray drugs to control disease and other two aspects of technology.
Agricultural measures with disease prevention effects include: rational fertilization, balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, additional application of boron, manganese, zinc, and other micronutrients, stable application of manure (only 20% of the total fertilization amount), and no use of unripe organic fertilizers Planting disease-resistance cultivars is generally a mustard-type disease-resistance, drainage and drainage, reducing waterlogging and reasonable close planting to reduce the humidity in the field; removing old leaves, yellow leaves, diseased leaves in time, deep burying or manure, and reducing germs.
Chemical control can use 40% sclerotium net wettable powder 1000 times liquid or 50% procymidone (skin) wettable powder 50 grams per acre, or 50% isoprenil (promethine) wettable powder per acre 100 grams of water spray. There are also reported new drugs such as prochloraz (100g), chlorobacillus ester, boscalid, etc., and some reconstituted drugs such as 25% polyketophenone (WP), wettable powder, etc. Has good control effect, can be used for rotation. It is recommended that the first dose be used during the flowering period of rapeseed, and the second spraying should be conducted 7 to 10 days apart.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is caused by a fungus that can occur at various stages of rape growth but is most severe after flowering. The seedling stage causes seedling rot, death, or poor growth; adult plant leaves exhibit large and irregular leaf spots and defoliation, and stalks develop prismatic, elongated, or large spots around the stem. In case of wet weather, the diseased part was in a wet rot and grew out of white cotton floc-like hyphae called "white culm" or "mould stalk". The victims are also wet and rot. A large number of white cotton flocculent hyphae from the diseased area and later sclerotia (especially in the middle and lower parts of the stem) are the two important features of Sclerotinia.
The bacteria used sclerotia to overwinter in soil, seed and winter rapeseed strains. The sclerotia can survive for 4 to 10 years under dry conditions, but it decays in water at 30°C for 30 days, and the wintery sclerotia starts to form ascendants from February to March, resulting in a large number of ascospores. This period is exactly the flowering period in which rape is most susceptible, and when it encounters more rainy weather, the disease may be endemic. For this purpose, rotations are implemented, especially for paddy crops and dry crop rotations; the continuous cropping and non-rotation of cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage and radish are the primary prevention and control measures.
In addition, the pathogen itself is less parasitic and can only infect from wounds or natural orifices and infect only old, yellow leaves and petals, and anthers. According to the survey, the bacterial rate of petals can be as high as 90% or more, and flowering has become a very important form of infection. Therefore, comprehensive use of agricultural measures to prevent disease and spray drugs to control disease and other two aspects of technology.
Agricultural measures with disease prevention effects include: rational fertilization, balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, additional application of boron, manganese, zinc, and other micronutrients, stable application of manure (only 20% of the total fertilization amount), and no use of unripe organic fertilizers Planting disease-resistance cultivars is generally a mustard-type disease-resistance, drainage and drainage, reducing waterlogging and reasonable close planting to reduce the humidity in the field; removing old leaves, yellow leaves, diseased leaves in time, deep burying or manure, and reducing germs.
Chemical control can use 40% sclerotium net wettable powder 1000 times liquid or 50% procymidone (skin) wettable powder 50 grams per acre, or 50% isoprenil (promethine) wettable powder per acre 100 grams of water spray. There are also reported new drugs such as prochloraz (100g), chlorobacillus ester, boscalid, etc., and some reconstituted drugs such as 25% polyketophenone (WP), wettable powder, etc. Has good control effect, can be used for rotation. It is recommended that the first dose be used during the flowering period of rapeseed, and the second spraying should be conducted 7 to 10 days apart.
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