Fertigation bed sow to pay attention to what the problem?
The fermentation bed breeding technology has proved that it has very good economic and ecological environmental benefits, has the effect of increasing the growth rate and increasing the resistance to disease, especially in the aspect of conservation and fattening, and some customers have reflected that the fermentation bed can raise How does a sow raise the probability of stillbirth in a sow raised? This article discusses relevant knowledge for reference.
First, the management characteristics of pregnant sows
The sow's gestation period was 110 to 120 days, with an average of 114 days. The estimated sow's expected date was 114 days. The basic task of feeding and management of pregnant sows is to ensure the normal development of fertilized eggs, embryos and fetus in the mother's body. Reduce embryonic death. Prevent the occurrence of chemical, stillbirth and miscarriage. In order to obtain a large number of piglets that are born, heavy, large and robust; to ensure that the sows have good lye during the second trimester of pregnancy: to ensure the development of the pregnant sows' breasts. For the lactation of lactation for storage; for the first production of young sows to ensure their own normal growth and development. The sow enters an extraordinary period of pregnancy. Embryos continue to grow and develop as follows:
Second, the two critical periods of sow pregnancy:
The first critical period is about 20 days after the sow is pregnant. This period is the period when the fertilized egg is affiliated (the attachment is from the 12th day after pregnancy to the 24th day) to different parts of the uterine horn and gradually forms the placenta. Before the placenta is not formed. Embryos are easily affected by environmental conditions and special care must be taken in feeding and management. Such as to give a comprehensive nutrition diet, do not feed rotten spoilage, toxic feed, ban drinking ice water or feed frozen feed, to prevent kicking, playing, squeezing, bite frame and other mechanical stimulation, solve summer heat problems, prevent High fever disease.
The second critical period is from 90 days during pregnancy to 3 to 5 days before birth. During this period, the fetus's development and weight gain were especially rapid. The sow's digestive ability was particularly strong, and the body weight increased rapidly. The required nutrients increased significantly.
Embryonic death is one of the important factors that affect the reproduction rate of livestock. The embryo mortality of livestock is about 25% to 40%. Pigs are multi-fowl. Embryo deaths are common and embryos are likely to die at any stage of development, especially at the most critical period of embryo recognition before or during embryo implantation to the endometrium. When the sow is in a bad environment, lacks nutrition, and suffers from diseases, the death of embryos is even more serious.
The peak of death of the first sow of the sow is 9 to 16 days from the initial stage of zygotic subplantation. Embryos are susceptible to various factors and the mortality rate is about 40% to 50%. The second peak is the 3rd week after mating. The mortality rate is approximately 30% to 40%.
Third, management and environmental factors and countermeasures
Therefore, in order to reduce the survival rate of embryos, it is necessary to do a good job of feeding and management in the early pregnancy.
1. Although the maternal external environment has an indirect effect on the embryos, high temperature, long-distance transportation, long-distance transportation, narrow housing, crowded herds, intimidation, chase, and cavalry may also cause adverse effects on the mother's physiological state. Embryonic death.
Sows are most sensitive to high temperature stress. High-temperature stress (higher embryo mortality than 30°C. Studies have shown that even if you stay 24 hours in the 32°C to 39°C environment from 3 days to 2 weeks after mating, especially 11 to 12 days after mating, Embryonic death was caused, and the survival rate was reduced by 35% to 40%.Our sows had 32.5 to 42% impaired embryo development in the high-temperature season from June to September, and only 8.2% to 20.7% in other months (Japan data). This is mainly because the environmental temperature is too high, the pig body can not maintain the body heat balance by merely adjusting the physical heat, and it must be chemically regulated to dissipate the heat, resulting in a series of changes in the body's endocrine secretion. In summer, it is sweltering. In order to prevent overheating of the housewife, we must create a cool environment and install air conditioners, electric fans, induced draft fans, and air coolers to cool the air quickly through mechanical cooling. Take away excess heat and reduce the incidence of stillbirth.
According to the service experience, the author recommends breeding on the cement floor one month after mating, and doing ventilation and heatstroke cooling. If sows must be changed after mating, they should be carried out within 72 hours of breeding or 28 days after mating. Otherwise, it will cause stress in the embryo when it is implanted or mixed, resulting in the death of the embryo. Transferred to the fermentation bed after January to improve the environment and improve the healthy birth of piglets.
Harmful gases (CO, HS, H3, etc.) in the home can significantly increase the embryonic mortality of the sow during the first two weeks of gestation. Whether the sow has a disease when the embryo is implanted or whether the sows fight each other for 10 to 20 days after mating can affect embryo mortality. About 25% to 30% of embryonic deaths are caused by the external environment. Using the regular fermentation bed culture technology, due to the special nature of the housing and the functional characteristics of the strains, the harmful gas content itself has been greatly reduced and converted into more usable substances. For example, the fermentation bed can reduce the ammonia gas in the pig house by 96.43%.
2, nutritional reasons
Any lack of nutrients may affect sow breeding, but lack of nutrients must take a long time to show. It is difficult to find out which nutrient deficiency is the cause of sow reproductive failure. Therefore, the use of full-price balanced diets not only improves the sow's reproductive ability, but also enhances the sow's resistance. The use of the fermentation bed culture technology significantly improves the poor conditions of excreta and urine, and ingests large amounts of mycelial proteins. Such beneficial factors can save feed and improve resistance to disease.
2.1 Proteins or Essential Amino Acids
In the absence of a protein or essential amino acid, it can cause stillbirths, deformities, or weaknesses.
2.2 Trace elements calcium and phosphorus: When pregnant sows are deficient, they can cause fetal death, mummification, or delivery of weak piglets. Iodine: When the pregnant sow is deficient, it can cause the fetus to be absorbed or give birth to hairless piglets, and the newborn piglets have myxedema. Zinc: In the absence of sows, calving is reduced, newborn piglets lose weight, and their resistance is poor. Iron: In the absence of sows, there is an increase in stillbirths, which can sometimes cause miscarriage; iron deficiency anemia occurs in newborn piglets, and resistance to disease is reduced. Manganese: When the sow is deficient, the piglets produced are short, thin, and difficult to stand up. They grow slowly after weaning and sometimes have stillbirths.
2.3 Vitamins
Vitamin A: In the absence of sows, miscarriage, stillbirth, weak appetite, deformity, and piglet blindness occur. Vitamin E: When a pregnant sow is lacking, stillbirth or frail piglets are born. Vitamin B2: In the absence of sows, preterm birth, stillbirths, weak albino, and sometimes piglets born without hair can occur. When water-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin B1, vitamin B2, choline, and pantothenic acid, are lacking, they can cause sows to give birth to stillborn or weak litters, sometimes with reduced litter size.
3, feeding management
Pregnant sows should not eat frozen moldy and toxic feeds. To provide clean drinking water, the number of feedings can be appropriately increased in the later period and the amount of each feeding can be reduced. Duration of gestation feeding benefits: (1) increased embryo survival; (2) reduced sow difficulty in sows; (3) reduced gilt death of sows; (4) reduced sow weight loss during lactation; (5) rearing The cost is significantly reduced; (6) the incidence of mastitis decreases; (7) prolonging the reproductive life.
If the sows are over-fat, the estrus is not obvious, often appear infertility, oligopolysis, easy to deliver stillbirths, zombies and dystocia, severe limbs. Even the sow's milk is too hard (over-concentrated) to cause indigestion in the piglet, causing a large number of piglets to squat, seriously affecting the growth and development of the piglet. Feeding program: In the production practice, pregnant sows can also be fed in the following three stages: (1) 30 to 50 days of pregnancy, 1.5 to 2.5 kg of sows per day, and 2 to 3 kg of new sows /d. Feed 2 times a day; (2) 50 to 80 days of gestation, 1.5 to 2.0 kg/day of sows and 2 to 3 kg/day of new sows. If there is a poor sow in this stage, an appropriate increase of 0.5 kg can be achieved. Head feeding 2 times; (3) 80 to 113 days of pregnancy, sows 3 to 3.5 kg/d, new sows 3.5 to 4 kg/d. Feed 2 times a day. If in the summer should choose to feed in the morning and evening, free drinking water. Pre-2-3 small group feeding, rear single-column feeding.
4, the cause of the epidemic vaccination
Many diseases can cause reproductive problems, resulting in a decrease in the number of births, an increase in the proportion of stillbirths and mummies, such as: blue ear disease, swine fever, pseudorabies, parvovirus and swine flu. During pregnancy, the sow minimizes vaccination and is generally considered to be suitable for most immunization vaccines during the first 3 weeks.
When it is determined that the sow is pregnant, it is necessary to do a good job in all aspects of nursing work, and special attention should be paid in the use of drugs. There are many drugs for pregnant sows cannot be applied, and serious sows can cause miscarriage and abnormal pig production, affecting development. Such as direct uterine smooth muscle excitement, indirect excitement of uterine smooth muscle (strong laxative), fetal growth or fetal malformations, with broken blood stasis and qi Chinese herbal medicines are disabled.
4. Piglets are susceptible to hypoxia and suffocation during labor delivery. About 70% to 90% of stillbirths of piglets die during childbirth, which is mainly caused by suffocation of piglets caused by lack of oxygen in the uterus. There are several situations in which the placenta contracts and the flow of blood is blocked; part of the placenta is detached from the uterus; the fetus at the end of the uterus at the end of the childbirth has a long distance from the uterus. During this time, the umbilical cord may prematurely break due to stretching and squeezing. The output will suffocate and die. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out delivery and delivery of labor according to the situation.
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