Fruit tree medicine injury and its treatment
In the process of growing fruit trees, due to improper spraying of pesticides, it will cause damage to fruit trees. If no immediate remedial measures are taken, the light will affect the normal growth of fruit trees, resulting in reduced production and income reduction; in serious cases, fruit trees will be killed and serious economic losses will result. Symptoms of the common phytotoxicity The germination of the buds of fruit trees is postponed and cannot normally germinate. In severe cases, some buds turn black and die. In particular, tree species such as stonefruit and apricot are prone to occur.
Leaf injury
1-2 days after the drug, round or irregular red drug spots appeared on the leaves. The tips of the leaves and leaves became brown and dry, and severe scorch of the entire leaf was lost. 5-7 days after medicine. Irregularly yellowed leaves. Severe full leaf yellowing off.
Fruit injury
3-5 days after the drug, young fruit surface appeared red or brown spots. With the development of fruit enlargement into round spots, but generally do not fall off. After 7-10 days of some medicines, a large number of young fruit fell off, and severe trees fell. In the months of July and August, due to the appearance of rust or "Bordeaux" patches, the red fruit becomes a "face" fruit, which seriously affects the fruit grade.
Branch damage
The boughs of the tree are browned from the ground up along the trunk, and are severely extended to 2-3 years old. After 5-7 days, the severe leaves of the whole tree become yellowish or dry and the focus is on the trees; the lighter part of the main branch becomes yellow and dead, and some of the trees are lightly damaged, and new leaves can grow. Causes of phytotoxicity The causes of phytotoxicity are mainly related to the quality of pesticides, the use of technology, the types of fruit trees and climatic conditions. The quality of pesticides is unqualified. Harmful impurities in the production of raw drugs exceed the standards. Pesticides generally have a shelf life of two years, and have a long production and storage time. The active ingredients are decomposed into harmful substances. Not only are the insecticidal and bactericidal effects poor, but they are also prone to phytotoxicity. Excessive amounts of pesticides are used. Including high concentrations, repeated spraying, but also prone to injury caused by pesticides; improper use of mixed pesticides, the simultaneous application of two or more pesticides, pesticide chemical changes between each other, insecticide, bactericidal effect is low, but also the occurrence of phytotoxicity; environment The condition is also an important reason for the occurrence of phytotoxicity. For example, after spraying Bordot's solution, the liquid did not dry out in the rain or the temperature was too high.
Remedy
Water spray
If it is found early, the affected plants should be sprayed with water immediately to dilute and wash off the pesticides adhering to the foliage and branches, and reduce the pesticide content in the tree body. The earlier and more timely the effect of this measure, the better. If phytotoxicity is caused by the absorption of phytosulfan granules, etc., the measures for rinsing and irrigating should be taken in a timely manner, ie, flooding the orchard surface with flooded water and 1-2 times of flowing water to wash off the soil. Residual pesticides.
Spraying and neutralizing
For example, when the leaves are damaged by phytotoxicity, 50% humic acid sodium (firstly dissolved in a small amount of water) can be used to make foliar spray with 3000 times solution; or 50% humic acid sodium can be formulated into 5,000 times by the same method. The liquid is irrigated and leaves will turn green gradually after 3-5 days. If the phytotoxicity caused by the copper sulfate ion in Bordeaux solution can spray 0.5%-1% of the lime aqueous solution to eliminate drug toxicity; if the phytotoxicity caused by the lime sulfur agent, on the basis of washing, then spray 400-500 meters of vinegar The solution can reduce the harm of the medicine; if the use of dimethoate is caused by improper phytotoxicity, 200 times of the borax solution can be sprayed 1-2 times; if it is misused or excessively used, the organic phosphorus, pyrethrin, carbamate and other pesticides are caused. The injury can be sprayed with 0.5%-1% lime water, detergent solution, soapy water, etc., in particular, spraying ammonium bicarbonate alkaline fertilizer solution is better, not only detoxification, but also can play outside the root dressing. Promote growth and development. Whether alkaline or alkaline fertilizers are sprayed, be sure to pay attention to the right amount so as not to increase the concentration and increase the damage.
Timely fertilizer
After fruit trees suffer from phytotoxicity, fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other fertilizers or thin human urine) must be promptly applied to prompt the affected fruit trees to recover as quickly as possible. If the phytotoxicity is caused by acidic pesticides, some vegetation ash, quicklime, and pesticides can be applied. Harmful with 1% bleach solution foliar spray. For the pesticide harm caused by alkaline pesticides, acid fertilizer such as ammonium sulfate can be applied. Regardless of the kind of injury, spray 0.3% of urea solution plus 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture, or spray with 1000 times of plant power 2003 spray every 10-17 days, even spray 2 - 3 times, can reduce the harm of medicine. When injecting fresh water to control borers, such as the cypress, giardinus, and moth, the phytotoxicity caused by the high concentration of trapped drugs should immediately inject a large amount of fresh water into the tree body from the wormhole on the trunk and make it Low flow, to dilute pesticides, such as acidic pesticides, adding appropriate amount of quicklime in the water injection can accelerate the decomposition of pesticides.
Rilled soil
After victimization of the fruit trees, timely cultivating loose soil (depth 11-15 cm) in the garden and artificially growing the roots, applying appropriate phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to improve the permeability of the soil, promote root development, and enhance the fruit trees themselves The ability to recover. Amount of trim.
After the fruit trees are harmed by phytotoxicity, pruning should be carried out in an appropriate amount in time, and the dead branches should be cut off, and the dead leaves should be removed to prevent the dead parts from spreading or being infected by pathogens to cause diseases.
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