Climate Impact
1. Jujube trees are particularly vulnerable to frost damage during late autumn and early winter when rapid temperature fluctuations occur. The base of the trunk, within 10 to 30 centimeters from the ground, may still be actively growing, meaning its tissues have not fully entered dormancy. These areas are highly sensitive to sudden drops in temperature, which can result in severe frost damage—especially in young trees that lack the resilience of mature ones.
2. Winter frost can cause serious harm to jujube trees when temperatures drop below -28°C. However, even if the temperature stays around -25°C for more than 10 days, it can still lead to frost injury. This type of damage usually affects branches first, causing them to dry out and potentially die. In severe cases, entire branches or even whole trees may freeze and die.
Preventive Measures
1. Proper site selection is crucial for jujube tree planting. It is recommended to choose areas with low groundwater levels, loose soil, good ventilation, and high fertility. Soils with high salinity, heavy texture, or high water tables tend to restrict root development and increase the risk of freezing damage.
2. Establishing protective windbreaks and creating small grid systems can help improve the microclimate within the orchard, reducing the impact of cold winds and extreme temperatures.
3. Enhancing tree vigor is essential. This involves proper water and fertilizer management, following the principle of "pre-promotion and post-control." In autumn, reduce nitrogen fertilizer application and stop watering early to encourage the tree to harden off before winter. Ensure adequate irrigation at the right time to maintain soil moisture without overwatering.
4. Pruning should be done carefully, especially during summer. Remove the central shoot promptly to promote lateral branch growth and improve overall tree structure.
5. Strengthen disease and pest control during the growing season to ensure the tree remains healthy and resilient.
6. Apply auxin sprays at the end of summer and early autumn. Spraying a diluted solution of new schistosomiasis (500–1000 times) on new shoots or applying 0.03% to 0.1% naphthylacetate at the base of new branches can help slow their growth and promote maturity, making them more resistant to cold.
7. Protecting trees during winter is vital. Wrap the main trunk to shield it from extreme cold. Cover the base of the tree, 30–40 cm above the ground, with mulch or organic material. Additionally, cover the area between tree rows with grass or straw to insulate the roots and prevent snow accumulation around the trunk.
Remedial Measures
1. After frost damage, remove all dead or frozen branches promptly. Cut back the affected parts to healthy tissue and clear the orchard to prevent disease spread.
2. Encourage the growth of new branches by selecting 1–2 strong shoots emerging from the damaged tree. Remove any excess shoots to focus the tree’s energy on recovery.
3. Preserve the jujube head by selecting a vigorous shoot to grow upward. When the head naturally starts to sag, prune the sagging part to maintain a strong, upright structure.
4. Control water and fertilizer after the fall. Increase phosphorus and potassium applications, and add 500–1000 grams of wood ash per hole. Reduce irrigation to half the normal amount and stop watering one month before winter. Avoid planting tall crops that require excessive water in the orchard.
By implementing these strategies, growers can significantly reduce the risk of frost damage and improve the long-term health and productivity of their jujube trees.
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