Climate Impact
1. Jujube trees are particularly vulnerable to frost damage during late autumn and early winter when temperature fluctuations occur rapidly. At this time, the base of the trunk, within 10 to 30 centimeters from the ground, may still be actively growing, and its tissues have not fully entered dormancy. These parts are highly sensitive to sudden drops in temperature, making them prone to frost injury, especially for young trees.
2. Frost damage can occur even if the temperature does not reach as low as -28°C. If temperatures remain around -25°C for more than 10 consecutive days, it can still cause significant harm. This type of cold stress often affects branches, leading to dry frost damage, which can result in branch death and, in severe cases, the complete loss of the tree.
Preventive Measures
1. Proper site selection is crucial for jujube tree planting. It is recommended to choose areas with low groundwater levels, loose soil, good ventilation, and high fertility. Soils with high water tables, heavy texture, or high salinity tend to hinder root development and increase the risk of freezing injury.
2. Establishing protective windbreaks and creating small grid systems can help improve the microclimate within the orchard, offering better protection against harsh winter conditions.
3. Enhancing tree vigor is essential. This includes proper water and fertilizer management, following the principle of “pre-promotion and post-control.†In autumn, reduce nitrogen fertilizer application and stop watering earlier to encourage hardening off. Ensure adequate irrigation at the right times.
4. Prune trees appropriately, especially during summer. Promptly remove the central shoot to promote lateral branch growth and strengthen the overall structure.
5. Strengthen disease and pest control during the growing season to maintain tree health and resilience.
6. Apply auxin sprays in late summer and early autumn. For example, spraying 500–1000 times diluted new schistosomiasis on new shoots, or applying 0.03% to 0.1% naphthylacetate at the base of new branches can inhibit their growth and promote maturation.
7. Protect trees during winter:
- Wrap the main trunk to prevent frost cracks.
- Cover the base of the tree with 30–40 cm of soil or mulch.
- Use grass or straw to cover the area between trees and remove snow from the canopy.
Remedial Measures
1. After a frost event, promptly remove frozen and dead branches. Cut back the affected parts and clear the orchard to prevent disease spread.
2. Encourage new growth by selecting healthy young shoots that emerge after frost damage. Retain 1–2 shoots in different directions and prune the rest to promote balanced development.
3. Preserve the jujube head by selecting the most vigorous one. When the head naturally droops, remove the sagging part to encourage upward growth.
4. Control water and fertilizer after fall. Increase phosphorus and potassium applications, and add 500–1000 grams of wood ash per tree. Reduce irrigation to half the usual amount and stop watering one month before winter. Avoid planting crops that grow vigorously in the orchard to minimize competition for nutrients and water.
By implementing these strategies, growers can significantly reduce the risk of frost damage and ensure healthier, more resilient jujube trees.
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