Zucchini cultivation in greenhouses requires careful selection of varieties, proper sowing techniques, and effective management to ensure high yield and quality. The ideal variety for high-yield greenhouse zucchini production in Yangji Township, Binzhou, is "The Younger Generation," known for its early maturity, compact fruit size, thick flesh, and superior quality. To enhance fruit set, hormone treatments are often applied after flowering.
Sowing should take place from late September to mid-October, with the goal of producing strong seedlings. Grafted seedlings are particularly beneficial as they improve root development, increase cold resistance, delay disease onset, and boost productivity. Before sowing, seeds should be sun-dried for 1–2 days, then soaked in 55°C water until it cools to 30°C. Soak for 4–5 hours, rinse, and keep at 25°C for germination. Sow within 24 hours, with a soil depth of about 2 cm. Maintain warm temperatures before emergence, then adjust to 20–25°C during the day and 13–14°C at night. For grafted seedlings, pumpkin seeds are sown when courgette cotyledons open, and grafting occurs when the first true leaf of the pumpkin appears. Grafted seedlings can be transplanted once they have three leaves and one heart.
Planting should occur between mid-October and early November. Prepare the soil thoroughly, create double-row raised beds (15 cm high), orient them north-south, and space plants 45–50 cm apart, with 1900–2200 plants per acre. Cover with plastic film after planting to retain heat and moisture.
After planting, maintain daytime temperatures between 25–30°C and nighttime temperatures between 15–18°C for the first few days to help seedlings acclimate. Once established, keep daytime temperatures around 20–25°C and nighttime temperatures at 13–15°C. During the fruiting period, maintain a temperature of 22–25°C. Watering should be done in the morning on sunny days, using warm water to avoid shock. Ensure the greenhouse temperature rises slightly after watering to aid seedling growth. Water more frequently in winter, but reduce frequency in spring. Avoid using frozen water from ditches or rivers to prevent root damage.
Pruning is essential for healthy growth. Remove old leaves that are 30–40 days old, but do not cut them off at the base to prevent infection. Also, remove malformed or diseased fruits to conserve nutrients. Zucchini tends to produce lateral buds, which can lead to poor-quality fruits. These should be removed promptly to maintain fruit quality.
Light is crucial for zucchini growth, especially in winter when daylight is limited. Clean the greenhouse film, prune excess leaves, and use reflective curtains to maximize light exposure.
Growth regulators like dwarf toil can be used before flowering to control excessive vegetative growth. When female flowers appear, apply rhododamine or 25 mg/kg 2,4-D to the stigma and young fruit. Combine this with topdressing to promote fruit development. After each harvest, apply urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and reduce watering and fertilization later in the season.
Common pests and diseases include gray mold, powdery mildew, virus disease, aphids, and whiteflies. Use appropriate fungicides and insecticides, such as antiviral, fast-Kling, triadimefon, sulfur, or thiophanate-methyl for fungal issues, and Leconin, extinguishing, or Tuope for aphids. For whiteflies, use Kung Fu EC or Scandex EC.
Harvesting typically begins in late November to early December. Early harvests of 0.25 kg help promote the growth of subsequent fruits. Subsequent harvests should occur every 15–18 days for optimal yield.
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