Watering and fertilizing muskmelon requires careful attention to the plant's growth stages, environmental conditions, and soil characteristics. Proper irrigation is essential because muskmelon thrives in well-drained soil and is sensitive to overwatering. The goal is to provide just the right amount of water at the right time to support healthy growth without causing damage. During the early seedling stage, which occurs 6 to 7 days after planting, it’s important to water sparingly. A single watering session using a small amount of water—often referred to as "Huanmiao water"—is sufficient. At this point, the plants are small and do not require much moisture. Excessive watering can lower soil temperature and hinder growth, especially in protected environments where evaporation is minimal. It’s also crucial to maintain humidity levels below 60% to prevent issues like leggy growth and disease susceptibility. Low humidity during fruit development helps improve fruit quality and flavor. As the vines begin to spread, the plant’s water and nutrient needs increase. This is the ideal time to apply a balanced fertilizer, focusing on nitrogen for leaf growth, along with moderate amounts of phosphorus and potassium. Fertilizer should be applied 10 to 15 cm away from the base of the plant to avoid root burn. After applying fertilizer, water should be given immediately. However, excessive watering before flowering can lead to flower drop and poor fruit set, so care must be taken to avoid overwatering during this critical phase. When the young melons reach the size of a table tennis ball, they enter the fruit expansion phase. At this stage, the plant’s energy shifts from leaf and stem growth to fruit development. Insufficient water or nutrients at this point can severely affect fruit size and quality. This is the most demanding period for water and fertilizer. Nitrogen should be reduced, while phosphorus and potassium should be increased to support fruit development. Watering should be done based on soil moisture, typically 1 to 10 days after fertilization. Around 15 to 20 days after flowering, the fruit begins to harden and the characteristic net pattern starts to appear on the surface. To ensure an attractive appearance, water should be reduced about a week before the netting forms. Once the netting is established, watering should gradually increase to promote fruit enlargement and complete the net pattern. If the soil is too dry, the netting may be fine and incomplete, affecting the fruit’s visual appeal. As the fruit nears maturity, it’s important to reduce moisture to enhance sweetness and overall quality. By following these guidelines, growers can ensure that their muskmelon plants receive the optimal balance of water and nutrients throughout the growing season, resulting in high-quality, flavorful fruits.

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In the Arbas region of 105° east longitude and 40° north latitude where the temperature fluctuation between day and night can reach 50 degrees in winter, there is an essential native goat breed, the purebred Arbas Baby Cashmere Goat, which features thin and soft hair, a pair of horns and pink ears. Arbas Baby Cashmere Goat looks small yet are the nobles of goats.
The famous Arbas Baby Cashmere Goat, as a rare breed living in the Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia, is concentrated in Otog Banner, Otog Front Banner and Hanggin Banner in the western part of the Plateau. Sumu, Arbas, Otog Banner is the primary production area of Arbas Baby Cashmere Goat for its favorable natural environment, with Arbas Mountain in the west, vast natural pasture in the center and desert steppe in the south. The semi-arid steppe climate provides excellent conditions for animal husbandry.
Due to its location in the desert steppe, the area is dry and windy with little rainfall and much sand. The temperature difference between day and night is extremely high, and the annual average temperature is 6.4 °C. In the long, cold and dry winter, the lowest temperature reaches -30°C to -40°C late at night, while in the short, hot and arid summer, the highest temperature is 36.4°C and the lowest -32°C, with annual precipitation between 200mm to 400mm. The adorable, lovely and lively Arbas Baby Cashmere Goat grows in such extremely harsh conditions, thus can produce rare and quality cashmere.
Arbas Baby Cashmere Goat`s two coats are pure white. The top layer or outer coat is bright and coarse guard hair to protect the undercoat that is softer and finer down. The quality of the cashmere fleece is determined by three indicators: the diameter, length, and density of cashmere fibers. Due to its unique genes, Arbas Baby Cashmere Goat has a superiority that can never be duplicated. Its secondary hair follicle is smaller than those of other goats, and its cashmere has an average diameter between 13μm to 15 μm. It can even produce cashmere with a perfect diameter of 14.5μm, with a pure cashmere content of over 55%, which is unique worldwide. The preciousness of cashmere results from the small amount of production of each goat. Therefore, Inner Mongolian Arbas Baby Cashmere Goat was officially named by the People`s Government of Autonomous Region in 1988 and was listed on the National Register for the Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources as Class-1 protected breed by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2001.

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