Microbial fertilizers lead the new trend of ecological agriculture
- Solve the problem of using microbial fertilizers
Xia Yun
Key words: microbial fertilizer type dosage greenhouse warming input-output ratio
Abstract: In recent years, microbial fertilizers have become popular as a new type of fertilizer, but as a representative of high-tech and ecological fertilizers, many users have different questions and puzzles in their use, and they are not well controlled in terms of usage and usage. This paper addresses each of these issues in detail and hopes to help growers solve some problems, so that they can master a technology and use a good product.
First, what is microbial fertilizer? What kind of microbial fertilizers are there?
Microbial fertilizer refers to a microbial product produced by a single or multiple specific functional strains that can provide plants with effective nutrients or prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests through a fermentation process, and is also called a bacterial fertilizer and a bacterial agent. The core of microbiological fertilizers is micro-organisms. Therefore, the type and quantity of micro-organisms contained therein are mainly responsible for the function of microbial fertilizers. There are many ways to classify microbial fertilizers. At present, the more common methods are divided into two categories: one is a narrowly defined microbial fertilizer, which refers to the increase in the supply of plant nutrient elements through the life activities of microorganisms, including soil and plant nutrient elements in the production environment. The total supply, resulting in improved plant nutrition, and thus increase production, rhizobia and silicate bacterial fertilizers belong to this type of fertilizer, the market's best-selling products such as Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan R & D and production of microbial microbial fertilizer, bacteria Root bacteria Zhuang root agent. The other category is a broad-based microbial fertilizer, which means that through the life activities of microorganisms in it, it can not only increase the absorption and utilization of plant nutrient elements, but also antagonize the function of certain pathogenic microorganisms, and reduce crop pests and diseases and promote the increase of crop yield. Straw bioreactors The technology is based on the development of such microorganisms, such as the warming agent of Ginba greenhouses is a typical representative of such products.
Second, why use microbial fertilizer? What are the effects of microbial fertilizers?
Before the emphasis on microbial fertilizers, the main fertilizers applied were inorganic fertilizers (fertilizers) and organic farmhouse fertilizers, but with the development and application of modern agricultural technology, it has brought about a significant impact on farmland soil in China. Firstly, the use of chemical fertilizers is increasing year by year. The utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and the benefits of chemical fertilizer production decrease. Second, the use of pesticides is increasing year by year, causing environmental pollution and posing a threat to the safety of agricultural products. Third, the soil fertility is declining, and soil degradation including desertification is gradually increasing. Fourth, the deterioration of soil ecological environment and the decline of soil ecological functions. Fifth, China's chemical fertilizer resources are seriously deficient, which poses a serious challenge to the sustainable development of agriculture. The development and application of microbial fertilizers are of particular importance for the sustainable development of China's agriculture, its improvement and maintenance of soil fertility, transformation of nutrient elements, increase of chemical fertilizer utilization, promotion of crop growth, resistance to soil-borne diseases, environmental purification and ecosystems. The balance plays an important role. We should make full use of and exert the above-mentioned functions of microbial fertilizers to serve the agricultural production and sustainable development of agriculture. At present, the dietary structure of Chinese residents is undergoing major changes, that is, per capita food consumption is decreasing, and the demand for high-quality vegetables, fruits, livestock products and egg and milk products will continue to increase. Therefore, the demand for microbial fertilizers will also increase, which provides a good opportunity for the development of high-quality microbial fertilizers. Microbial fertilizers have gradually become the main force for fertilizers in China's national ecological demonstration areas, green and organic agricultural products bases, and are playing an increasingly obvious economic, social, and ecological benefits in agricultural production.
However, there are some misunderstandings or prejudices about the opinions of the community on microbial fertilizers. Some people think that the microbial fertilizer has a high fertilizer efficiency. It is considered as a universal fertilizer, and it even considers that it can replace chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Some people think that bacterial fertilizers have no effect at all, or that nutrient elements in composite fertilizers are insufficient. The rational use of microbial fertilizers can not only supplement chemical fertilizers, but also reduce environmental pollution and protect the ecological environment. We must realize that the effect on microbial fertilizers should not be expected too high and cannot be opposed to fertilizer organic fertilizers. The effect of microbiological fertilizer production increase depends on certain conditions, such as efficient strains, strict production conditions, complete microbial agents, qualified product quality, scientific application methods, suitable environmental conditions such as soil type, fertility level, climatic conditions Such as the application of crops and varieties, any arbitrarily exaggerated the scope of application and the effect of the point of view are wrong. Microbial fertilizers have the following main functions. First, increase soil fertility, which is one of the main effects of microbial fertilizers. Second, the production of phytohormones stimulates crop growth. Third, it plays a biological control role against harmful microorganisms. Fourth, it improves the resistance of crops. For example, in addition to all of the above functions, the golden babe microbial fertilizer and the gold babe greenhouse warming agent, which are sold well in the market, have the effect of increasing the ground temperature in winter and providing carbon dioxide gas fertilizer.
3. When do you use microbial fertilizers, how much do you apply, and how do you fertilize them?
Microbial fertilizer can be used as fertilizer for any fruits and vegetables and crops. It can be used as a base fertilizer or as a topdressing fertilizer. The fertilization method is also various. The application amount varies according to the composition and quality of various products and should be different. In general, the better the quality of the product, the smaller the amount of application it can achieve. Taking Jinbao microbial manure as an example, there are six kinds of application methods: 1. Base fertilizer top dressing: 1-2 kilograms of gold and treasure fertilizer per acre, and after being mixed with farm manure, chemical fertilizer or fine soil, it will be used for furrow application and hole application. Spreading can be; 2, Goushen Shi Shi: saplings ring groove, each with 200 grams, adult tree radial groove, each with 0.5-1 kilograms, can be mixed fertilizer application, can also be mixed with soil application; 3, sorghum root irrigating root: mu 1-2 kg of this product, watered 3-4 times, transplanting roots or other periods after planting irrigation in the roots 4, mixed seedbed bed soil: per square meter bed seed soil with this product 200-300 grams mixed with seedbed soil after sowing 5, garden pots. Flower lawn, per kilogram of soil with this product 10 --- 15 grams of top dressing or base fertilizer 6, flushing: according to different crops with 1-2 kg of this product mixed with fertilizer, diluted with the right amount of water after irrigation with water Shi.
The application method of microbial fertilizer is stricter than that of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Therefore, attention should be paid to the following: First, avoid long-term use after opening the bag. Fertilizers are applied to the ground as soon as possible after they are bought at home. They should be used up once after opening the bags. After the bag is opened, other bacteria may be immersed in the bag, causing the microbial flora to change and affecting its use. The second is to avoid use under conditions of high temperature and drought. High temperatures and droughts affect the survival and reproduction of microbial flora and do not allow fertilizers to perform well. The third is to avoid mixing with unripe farmyard fertilizers or over-acid fertilizers. Both of these fertilizers can affect the normal functioning of microbial fertilizers due to temperature or pH. The fourth is to avoid simultaneous use with pesticides. Chemical pesticides inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms to varying degrees, and even kill microorganisms.
4. What is the input-output ratio of microbial fertilizer? Is it cost-effective to use?
The input-output ratio of microbial fertilizers is very high, generally above 1:10, and usually only 1-3 kg of microbial fertilizer is needed per mu. For example, Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Science and Technology's Golden Baby Microbial Fertilizer is only applied per acre. 2 kg can achieve the following effects: (1) increase production and income. It can increase the output of economic crops by more than 20%, and increase the yield of field crops by 10%. (2) Fertilization. Activate the soil, reduce the fixation or loss of nutrients, improve the soil structure, especially for salt-alkali land, and maintain balanced nutrition and reduce pollution. (3) Strengthen stress resistance. Provide trace elements and stimulating hormone to stimulate growth and development of crop roots and enhance resistance to disease, drought and cold resistance. (4) Early maturing and high yield. The quality is improved, the maturity period is earlier, the fruit waste and the number of defective fruits are greatly reduced, and the product rate rate of finished products is increased (5) Cost reduction and efficiency increase. It can reduce fertilizer use by about 30%, increase fertilizer utilization and reduce costs. (All rights reserved, please indicate the source!)
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