Poor ventilation is the source of chicken respiratory disease

In autumn and winter, there are multiple chicken diseases, of which respiratory diseases account for more than half of the epidemic, and in recent years have become increasingly fierce. There are many reasons for the high incidence of respiratory diseases in chickens, but poor ventilation is the most important reason.

First, the anatomy of chickens causes multiple respiratory diseases

Chickens and birds are common ancestors. In order to meet the needs of flying, chickens and birds have a unique physiological structure - air bags. The airbag communicates with the outside world and is distributed around the internal organs of the body. It is similar to the heart and liver, and even affixes. The existence of this structure will not cause any inconvenience to the chicken in a clean environment. However, domestication and domestication, especially for intensive chicken production, the presence of airbags has become the basis of proneness to respiratory diseases. Contaminated air in the homes reduces the frequency of respiratory cilia and disrupts the integrity of the respiratory mucosa, resulting in a large number of pathogens. Microorganisms invade the body and settle in airbags, etc. In the case of good constitution and strong disease resistance, it will generally not cause serious harm, but there will be stress or other epidemics such as weather changes, immunizations, metastasis, and severe paralysis. When the disease resistance of chickens is reduced, conditional pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli and mycoplasma that invade the body will multiply. Because the airbags and the viscera are similar, attached, and there is no septum between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity, systemic septicemia such as "perilymphitis" and "pericarditis" will soon occur.

Second, poor breeding environment

The anatomical characteristics of chickens impose more stringent requirements on the environment. Ammonia in chicks should not exceed 10 milligrams per cubic meter, and chickens should not exceed 15 milligrams; chickens in hydrogen sulfide should not exceed 2 milligrams; chicken should not exceed 10 milligrams; carbon dioxide should not exceed 1500 milligrams per cubic meter; malodorous dilution should not exceed 70. . The field and living areas outside the hen house are required to have a low content of the substance; in the house, no more than 4 milligrams of inhalable particulates are in the air; total suspended particulate matter does not exceed 8 milligrams per cubic meter; the number of microorganisms should be controlled at 250,000 per cubic meter. Below, dust in the air is an important carrier of bacteria. In reality, many farmers neglect the physiological and anatomical characteristics of chickens and do not create good environmental conditions for the survival of chickens. Mainly manifested in: improper site selection of chicken farms, unreasonable construction of chicken houses, no scientific ventilation system, no emphasis on ventilation, no ventilation, no ventilation. The chicken site is low-key and the environment is narrow. Some trees are planted in the forest or a large amount of trees are planted on the site, so that wind blows do not enter and harmful gases cannot be discharged. The distance between the houses is too narrow, the air flow does not flow well, and the windows are not set properly. There are no windows or skylights, the air does not form convection, there is no ventilation equipment or the installation is unreasonable; some fear that the chicken is cold and cannot be ventilated. (Do not forget that the chicken has feathers on it. It can be adjusted by the growth of feathers. Adaptation Changes in the outside temperature, there is no dead chickens, only the poor ventilation caused the death of chickens; some due to a ventilated disease and "a decade of fear of wells" no longer ventilated. All of this makes the chicken living in anoxic environment for many years. The environment bacteria, such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide gas, methane, carbon dioxide, etc., are seriously exceeding the standard. The pathogenic microorganisms in the outside world are not only easily invade the body and cause chicken disease, but also often have poor ventilation. Hypoxia, heart and lung function decline, blood oxygen deficiency, the body is in a pathological state, can not produce a good immune response to immunity. After we ventilate, we often have respiratory episodes, which are attributed to this ventilation. This is not the case. Often when the weather is warm or the weather is fine, it is a day without wind from 2 to 3 days. At this time, if we close the chicken house, the internal air does not circulate, the harmful gas in the chicken house exceeds the standard, and the pathogenic microorganisms can easily infiltrate into the body and form a disease. The "latency period" is that when the weather is warm, the ventilation is not gradual, and there is a subsequent occurrence of respiratory disease. That is to say, the days without wind before the weather change is the "black sunday" of the chicken. Therefore, ventilation is one of the most important issues for chicken feeding and management.

Third, do a good job ventilation

The chicken farm must be in a place with high dryness, flatness, sunny leewardness, openness and good ventilation. The layout of the chicken house should be reasonable. The orientation of the chicken house should be set at 30 to 45 degrees with the prevailing wind direction of the year to avoid zero wind direction incident angle. The construction of the upper wind farm should not be too high, and the distance between the houses should be at least 3-4. The size of the door is generally 2 meters high and 1 meter wide. The two doors are 2 meters high and 1.6 meters wide. The windows of semi-open and open chicken houses should be set on the front and rear walls. The front windows should be wide and low from the ground to facilitate daylighting. The ratio of the window to the floor area is 1:10 to 1:8. The rear window should be small, about 2/3 of the area of ​​the front window; each shed should be 5 to 10 centimeters from the ground, with a 50-centimeter-wide and 30-central-high window; set 1.5 meters high at the highest point of the roof. The diameter of the 20 to 30 cm pull-out tube, pull-out tube to be open all year round. For chicken farms that cannot be mechanically ventilated, the skylights should not be closed as long as there is no ice in the houses. The chickens should gradually adapt to the cold weather and promote the growth of feathers. For those who have mechanical ventilation equipment, they must always pay attention to ventilation to ensure that the air is fresh; Pay attention to strengthen the ventilation on days without wind 2 to 3 days before the weather warms up. On the day of warming, the amount of ventilation should be gradual; in the windy days before the weather turns cold, pay attention to closing doors and windows as soon as possible, in the cold air coming On the same day, ventilation should be paid attention to because there is no wind outside. The principle of ventilation is: no wind, no wind, no wind. The conditional chicken farm should set up a space electric field control network so that the removal efficiency of microbial colonies in the air can reach 90% to 99%. The chicken house should also have a gas-pulling cylinder, and keep the skylight open from the first day of entering the chicken. It is advisable to have mechanical ventilation and to ventilate the fan after warming up at 2°C～3°C. Complete the ventilation before there is no temperature drop. At 10-15 o'clock every day, when the outside temperature is high, open the window and ventilate. Keep the air fresh under any circumstances. When there is a contradiction between the insulation and ventilation, it is better to ventilate at the expense of insulation.

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