First, the "four hazards" of vegetables growing in greenhouses 1. The harm of fertilizers is actually the hazard of salt accumulation. The main reason is that partial application of chemical fertilizers or excessive fertilization will cause soil salinization. In addition, the application of unripe organic fertilizer is also one of the important causes of fertilizer damage. After the occurrence of fertilizer damage, the first is to inhibit the development of vegetable roots, weakening the absorption of water and fertilizers; the second is excessive concentration of soil solution, vegetable plants reverse osmosis phenomenon, leading to physiological wilting or leaf margin charred; third is burst toxic gases Hazard; fourth is to cause vegetable deficiency syndrome. 2. The phytotoxicity has significant phytotoxicity and obvious symptoms; there are hidden phytotoxicity, and the symptoms may latent or extend to the squat vegetables. The reasons for the occurrence of phytotoxicity are: first, the selection of pesticide species is not correct, or the misuse of sensitive pharmaceuticals or even herbicides; second, the application concentration is too large, and it is mistaken for high concentration control effect; third, the purchase of inferior pesticides; The pesticide was applied during the high temperature season; the fifth was to avoid spraying during the flowering period. After the occurrence of phytotoxicity, some vegetable leaves soon become chlorogenic; some produce focal spot perforation; some fall leaves, fallen flowers, fruit drops, or malformations; the most severe whole plants wither. 3. Drought is one of the most critical factors that restrict the development of greenhouse vegetables. Causes: First, improper location of vegetable greenhouses, local lack of water; Second, there are water sources, but the water quality is poor; Third, adequate water, drainage and irrigation facilities are not supporting, there is water difficult cited, looking water sigh; Fourth, greenhouse cultivation is easy The surface of the soil is moist and the cropland is arid and water-deficient, causing water shortages and delaying irrigation. Drought damage not only affects the timely sowing of vegetables and seedlings, but also affects the normal growth of vegetables. At the same time, it brings great difficulties to the management of fertilization and pesticide application of vegetables. The effects of droughts sometimes exceed those of fertilizer and phytotoxicity. 4. Continuous cropping barriers means that in the same greenhouse, the same type of vegetables are planted every year or season, and the yield and product quality will decline year by year. Obstacles are caused by the fact that the same or similar vegetable prefers certain elements. Such elements are not timely supplemented and prone to deficiency of the disease. Second, the accumulation of soil pathogens causes diseases such as wilt disease, verticillium wilt, etc. Third, the secretion of the same vegetable roots can easily lead to loss of balance of soil microbial colony structure, resulting in soil aging. Second, prevent measures 1, select a good site, improve the water system. Before determining the greenhouse, it is necessary to check whether there is sufficient water in the site, whether the water source is polluted or not. With sufficient water sources, it is necessary to repair the ditch to facilitate water diversion and drainage. Wherever possible, one tap must be installed in each greenhouse. The standard should also be equipped with sprinkler equipment. At the same time, diligently inspected during the production process to prevent the illusion that the real dry land surface is not dry, and to delay the timing of irrigation. 2, balanced fertilization, promote steady growth of vegetables. First, it is necessary to use adequately cooked organic farmhouse fertilizers throughout the year; the second is the application of refined organic fertilizers; the third is to apply nitrogen fertilizers to reduce nitrogen, stabilize phosphorus, increase potassium, and apply micronutrients. Fourth, fertilize the crops in appropriate amounts. Once there is fertilizer damage, a variety of active trace fertilizers should be sprayed to ease the damage. 3, to scientific drugs to ensure the safety of vegetables. First, there is a slight phytotoxicity that can be used to strengthen the management of fertilizers and water to restore the normal reproductive function of vegetables; second is to select the right pesticides on the road, pay attention to the sensitive chemicals of the vegetable crops, especially the herbicides should be careful; third is to grasp pesticides Application of the concentration ratio, while avoiding the repeated use of a pesticide; Fourth, do not mix pesticides; 5 is to avoid high temperature application; 6 is to avoid the application of pesticides flowering time; 7 is the application of herbicides, certain Use it after cleaning it. 4, change crop rotation, adjust the vegetable cultivation environment. First, tomatoes, eggplants, melons and susceptible vegetables, to be planted in different seasons or seasons to plant other vegetable varieties; Second, the use of soil retting agents inhibit bacteria; Third, the lack of nutrients in response to lack of timely soil; Fourth, the occurrence of continuous cropping Obstructed greenhouses, first to increase the application of organic fertilizer or green manure to improve the soil, followed by the implementation of grafting cultivation (such as eggplants, melons), and once again the use of pharmaceutical disinfection, such as formaldehyde, methyl bromide and other soil disinfection. In addition, soils can be sterilized using high summer temperatures. The deep soil can be turned to the soil surface, with 200-250 kilograms of straw mixed with 5 kilograms of high-temperature bacteria and 3-4 kilograms of charcoal ash cover the surface, and then covered with plastic film for sun exposure 15-20 days, can eliminate pest eggs And soil root knot nematodes.
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