Heat stress is a serious issue that affects laying hens during the hot summer months, causing physiological disruptions and leading to a sharp decline in egg production, as well as increased mortality. For commercial poultry farms, implementing effective strategies to reduce heat stress and improve the birds' resilience is essential. Over the years, I've developed several practical methods to manage this challenge, and I'd like to share them with you.
Poultry houses are typically designed with an east-west orientation, facing south to minimize direct sunlight exposure. The roof should extend at least one meter above the walls to prevent sun glare on the birds. Using insulation materials for the roof and outer walls, and painting them white or light gray can significantly increase sunlight reflection, helping to keep the interior cooler. Additionally, adding insulation layers such as foam or plywood beneath the roof can further reduce heat transfer into the building.
Proper ventilation is crucial. The height of the walls should be over three meters, and the span of the house should not exceed nine meters. Installing multiple evenly spaced windows allows for better air circulation. If possible, using open-style designs with curtains made from woven fabric or plastic film can help control temperature—lowering the curtain when it's sunny or raining.
Planting shrubs around the house provides natural shade and promotes airflow. Fast-growing plants like pumpkins, beans, and grapes can be grown nearby, offering both aesthetic benefits and reducing solar radiation. This greenery helps create a more comfortable environment for the birds.
Ensuring a constant supply of clean, fresh water is vital for combating heat stress. Increasing the number of drinkers and maintaining their cleanliness helps the birds stay hydrated. Water storage tanks should be placed in shaded areas, and pipes should be buried underground to prevent warming.
Feeding times should be adjusted to early morning and late evening, when temperatures are lower. Using high-quality pelleted feed during these periods can help reduce the metabolic heat generated by digestion.
Reducing flock density is another key measure. Lowering the number of birds per square meter—from about 15 to 10—can greatly ease the thermal burden. Trimming feathers on the chest, belly, thighs, and under the wings also helps dissipate body heat more effectively.
Lastly, maintaining a clean and dry environment is essential. A well-kept poultry house reduces disease risks and improves the birds’ overall health, making them more resistant to heat stress. By combining these strategies, farmers can significantly improve the welfare and productivity of their flocks during the summer months.
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