Heat stress is a serious issue for laying hens during hot summer months, caused by their physiological systems struggling to cope with high temperatures. This condition leads to a sharp drop in egg production and can even result in sudden deaths among the flock. For commercial poultry farms, especially those using caged systems, implementing effective strategies to reduce heat stress is crucial. Over the years, I've gathered practical experience and want to share some key methods that have proven effective in managing this challenge.
Poultry houses are best designed with an east-west orientation, facing south to minimize direct sunlight exposure. The roof should extend at least 1 meter above the walls to block harsh sunlight. Using insulating materials for roofs and exterior walls, and painting them white or light gray, can significantly increase solar reflection. Additionally, adding insulation layers like foam or plywood under the roof helps reduce heat transfer into the house.
Good ventilation is essential. The height of the poultry house should be over 3 meters, and the width should not exceed 9 meters to ensure proper airflow. Installing as many windows as possible, evenly spaced, promotes smooth and consistent air circulation. In areas with suitable conditions, open-style housing with curtains made of woven fabric or plastic film can be used, which can be lowered during rain or intense sunlight.
Planting shrubs and fast-growing vines like grapes or pumpkins around the house not only enhances the environment but also provides shade. These plants help reduce solar radiation and create a cooler microclimate around the building.
Providing clean and ample water is vital for reducing heat stress. As temperatures rise, increasing the number of waterers ensures that hens always have access to fresh, clean water. It's also important to install reservoirs and underground water pipes, placing storage tanks in shaded areas to keep the water cool.
Feeding times should be adjusted to cooler parts of the day—early morning and late evening. Using pelleted feed during these times helps reduce the metabolic heat generated from digestion.
Reducing stocking density is another effective strategy. Lowering the number of birds per square meter, from about 15 to 10, and trimming feathers on the chest, belly, thighs, and under the wings can significantly lower body heat production, helping the birds better manage heat stress.
Maintaining a clean and dry environment is essential for overall flock health. A well-kept house improves the birds’ resilience to high temperatures and reduces the risk of disease, making them more capable of handling heat stress.
Plant Simulation Model
Yinchuan Erxin Technology Co., LTD , https://www.exmedmodel.com