In the past, if it was necessary to cultivate the dry and powerful rice, it was necessary to use fertile plough layer soil as a seedling bed soil. It is estimated that the cultivation of 1 mu of rice requires 150 kg of bed soil every year. How can we better solve the problem of nursery bed soil without destroying farmland soil resources? The scientific and technical personnel of 853 farms in Heilongjiang Province used biotechnology to ferment rice husks to make organic fertilizers. Through reasonable matching with crushed rice husks, artificial simulation of soil and rice breeding were carried out to achieve coordination between water, fertilizer, gas and heat. The effect of breeding. After more than 400 experiments, the technology of using rice hulls for rice breeding has been successfully developed. Rice hull rice seedling raising is a new technology for the breeding of rice seedlings using rice straw as a matrix and replacing bed soil. First, the basic principle Rice seedlings is the use of biotechnology rice seedlings degradation of rice husks to form suitable for the growth of rice seedlings nursery substrate, in essence, a soil conservation seedlings. Rice seedlings are fixed in the rice husks through the compounding of biological and physical conditioning processes while absorbing nutrients and oxygen from the substrate. After the roots are removed, the substrate itself can supply nutrients, while the rest is supplemented by the provision of exogenous nutrients. The method of raising seedlings is basically similar to that of soil seedlings. Second, the process of rice rice husk breeding process is to crushed rice hull into 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm particle size, and part of the 2 mm particle size rice husks biofungus fermented into organic fertilizer; Then the three kinds of rice husks and organic fertilizers were mixed in proportions, mixed well, tempered to form a spread, then planted, repressed, managed at the seedling stage, and finally planted and transplanted. Third, the method of operation rice rice seedlings of the main substrate is to carry out special treatment of rice husk, mixed, to achieve the purpose of soilless seedlings. 1. Rice Husk Treatment Rice husks were crushed to three-diameter, 3 mm, 1 mm and 3 mm in size for bagging. 2. Production of Enzyme Fertilizers Rice husks for the production of rice husks must first be made of fermented rice husk organic fertilizer. The formula is to crush 1,000 kg of rice hulls with a diameter of 2 mm, 30 kg of wheat bran or rice bran, and 50–100 kg of fresh chicken manure. Enzyme bacteria 3 to 4 kg, brown sugar or starch 1 to 1.5 kg. The enzyme bacteria, wheat bran, and brown sugar aqueous solution were added and the weight of the material was 40% water, and the mixture was evenly mixed and used as a small material. Use chicken manure and small materials to mix evenly as premix, then mix the crushed rice husk and premix, add material weight of 40% to 50% of the water to mix evenly, and hold the water in the hands. It is advisable to let loose. The mixture is piled into a trapezoidal shape and fermented with sacks or straw curtains. To prevent rain, cover the plastic sheeting at the top, but do not cover it completely to keep it breathable. After 24 hours in the summer and 48 hours in the winter, the temperature can naturally rise to 40°C. As the time for dedication prolongs, the temperature gradually rises up to 65°C to 70°C. With the continuous decomposition of organic matter, the activity of the bacteria decreases. The temperature dropped. When the temperature dropped to 40°C, it began to turn over and mix and continue to pile into a trapezoidal trapezoid, which was then covered and then fermented. Afterwards, it was overturned 2 or 3 times. When the rice husks have all become brown or dark brown, the organic fertilizers are decomposed. Fourth, the material preparation of the material is to crush the good 3 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm three grades of rice husk and compost organic fertilizer, according to the ratio of 3:3:2:2, that is, The rice hulls with a diameter of 3 mm and 2 mm each accounted for 30%, and rice hulls with a particle size of 1 mm and composting organic fertilizer accounted for 20% each. According to the fertilization requirements for fertility, 30 grams of ammonium sulfate per square meter, 60 grams of diammonium, 30 grams of potassium sulfate, 120 grams in total, plus strong tanning agent, evenly mixed. Add 40% to 50% of the material weight of water, and hold the water in the hands and do not drip the water. Fifth, sowing 1. Shop each plate shop 0.8 to 1 kg or 6 to 7 kilograms per square meter shop material, flat compaction, pouring enough water, ready to sow. 2. Seed treatment 15 days before sowing, the seeds were dried for 2 to 3 days. The awns and branchlets were removed and the seeds were selected with ammonium sulfate or 1.13 specific gravity. The selected seeds are soaked with germination. The commonly used agents are 25% SC cream EC and 45% DAS. The suitable water temperature for soaking is 12 to 15°C and soaking for 6 to 7 days. Promote soaking seeds in bags in the greenhouse and turn it 1 or 2 times a day. The soaked seeds are translucent and can be powdered by hand. There is no heart. The temperature was 30 ~ 32 °C when the broken chest, 25 °C germination, germination length within 2 mm, prompting good buds at room temperature to dry buds, waiting for sowing. 3. The seeding rate is artificially inserted in the middle seedlings, sowing seeds of 250 to 300 grams per square meter, artificial hand insertion of large seedlings of 200 to 250 grams of seed germination, machine inserting seedlings, each seeding 100 to 120 grams. 4. Cover soil Because the rice husk is easy to dry and wind, it will cause buds to dry and reduce the emergence rate. After the seeds are sown, the soil shall be covered with a thickness of 0.5 to 0.7 cm. 5. Close the herbicide In order to eliminate the weeds in Putian, 50% of the herbicide was used after the cover soil to spray 0.4-0.6 ml of 300 times liquid per square meter, evenly sprayed, and then covered with a plastic film to keep the water warm. VI. Seedling management 1. Seed root development period from sowing to incomplete leaf extraction, about 7 to 9 days, to keep warm moisture, temperature control at 28 ~ 32 °C up to 35 °C. In the premise of pouring enough water, generally do not water, promote root growth. Since rice husks hold water differently from the soil, they are filled with water depending on the water shortage. 2. The first full leaf growth period is fully developed from the first full leaf lobe to the leaf, approximately 5-7 days. The temperature in the shed is controlled at 25-28°C, and the highest temperature is not more than 28°C. In fine weather, see the green to ventilate the seedlings to control the height of the first leaf sheath, and 1 leaf 1 heart and 2 leaf 1 heart period of the seedlings, per square meter Pour 25% acidified water once to prevent the occurrence of blight. Apply 15 g of ammonium sulfate per square meter + 10 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. If the temperature is below 4°C, ventilate it in time to avoid excessive temperature difference and blight. 3. During the weaning period, from the second lobe to the third lobe, after two leaf ages, about 12 to 15 days, the temperature in the shed should be controlled. The 2-leaf period should not exceed 22 to 25°C, and the 3-leaf stage should be controlled. In 20-22 °C, the maximum temperature does not exceed 25 °C, to gradually increase the ventilation and practice seedlings, 2.5 leaves after the gradual conversion into the film covering the night, the minimum temperature is higher than 7 °C, ventilation can stay up all night. 4. Preparation period before transplanting 3 to 4 days before transplanting, with emphasis on "one control and three belts" of seedlings. One control is to control seedbed moisture, seedlings build strong roots, so that the seedlings adapt to natural temperatures. "Three Belts" is a kind of fertilizer. Each square meter seedbed is diammonium sulfate 125 ~ 150 grams, after spraying a small amount of water to prevent the loss; two with medicine, spraying 40% dimethoate 7.5 ml per 100 square meters, against the water 6 liters to prevent leaf miners; three-band fungus fertilizer, foliar fertilizer, spraying 2 to 3 days before transplanting foliar fertilizer such as increasing production of bacteria. There are two points to be noted in the management of seedlings. First, the bottom water must be poured. The characteristics of rice hulls are that if they do not penetrate the bottom water, they are liable to cause dryness. Once they are poured, their water holding capacity is much better than that of the soil. Slow release effect. Second, because rice-husk seedlings contain 20% of enzyme-fertilizers, and there are many aerobic microorganisms in enzyme-based fertilizers, they should be observed in time after coating. Once oxygen deficiency is found, the film must be removed in time, otherwise the seedlings will be affected. 7. Characteristics of rice husk breeding 1. Adopt rice rice husk breeding to realize the reuse of waste. Planting 10,000 mu of paddy field can use 400 tons of rice husk. 2. The fertility of rice husk can be brought into the field with the seedlings to increase the soil organic matter content. The cost can be reduced by 20% to 30% compared with the traditional method. 3. High work efficiency This method can achieve industrialization and reduce labor intensity. 4. Protecting the use of rice husks in the environment to avoid air pollution caused by incineration. Compared with rice seedlings, rice hull seedlings have the following advantages: First, rice seedlings nursery seedling temperature is 1.5 ~ 2 °C higher than the soil seedbed, hair early slightly. The second is that the root system is good, the number of roots is more than 1.1, and there are many roots and roots, and the root to shoot ratio is better than that of the soil seedlings. The third is to meet the transplanting requirements of humans and machinery and to ease seedlings. Fourth, the seedlings of rice husks are light and easy to transport in the field. The application of rice hull rice seedlings in production has been welcomed by rice farmers and is a good way for rice production to increase efficiency and reduce costs. The promotion of this technology has added new technological content to rice production.
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