South Sichuan Planted Rape Notes
This year, due to more rain at the late stage of rapeseed cultivation, the seedlings of rapeseed are green and poor after planting, so that it is necessary to make it grow to the strong spring and winter, and field management after planting must be strengthened. Based on the current growing trend of rapeseed and the law of reproduction, the following field management techniques are proposed:
Seedling deficiency
7-10 days after transplanting, seedlings should be checked in time. For the lack of rapeseed, strong seedlings should be used for supplementary planting. After planting, the rooted clearing water should be reused to ensure that the seedlings are strong.
Fertilizer topdressing
During the field of rapeseed field management, reasonable fertilization according to the seedling growing conditions and different growth periods on the needs of nutrition can play a role in promoting early-onset, stable growth, strong moss, branching, flower promotion, Tim grain, and grain weight. Obviously the effect of increasing production.
First, Miao Fei. Should be applied early and diligently. Rape, especially hybrid rapeseed, has a strong growth advantage at the seedling stage and requires a large amount of fertilizer. The early winter is an important period for fertilizer demand. The availability of sufficient nutrients at this stage has an important effect on the number of effective branches per plant and the number of pods. In order to meet the nutrient requirements for the growth and development of rapeseed, topdressing should be performed according to different seedling potentials, mainly organic fertilizers. Phosphorus can promote the development of rapeseed roots and enhance resistance. Potassium can improve rapeseed's ability to resist cold, disease and lodging. Therefore, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately reduced when chasing fertilization, so as to avoid the plants being tender and juicy and having poor cold resistance. Generally divided into 2 applications. The first application was made when the rape was returned to green 7-10 days after transplanting to facilitate the growth of seedlings before winter. The method is to apply 500-1000 kilograms of human dung and 2-3 kilograms of urea (or 10 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate) per mus to make irrigation. For fields with insufficient base fertilizer, poor growth potential, and low-yield fertilizer, the first half of the fertilization period should be followed by another one after another. Urea can be used 4-5 kg ​​(or 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, or 600 kg of human waste) pouring water, drought and dry soil when appropriate more than water. Fertilizer should be combined with cultivator and herbicide to cover fertilizer.
Second, wax fertilizer. Waxen has the effect of warming, freezing, and promoting spring hair. It is generally applied in the middle or late December. To delay the effectiveness of manure, mud, cake-based (such as chemical fertilizers, the amount to be controlled to prevent excessive tender), with the application of a certain amount of plant ash, superphosphate, can increase soil temperature 2-3 degrees, play winter spring hair Effect. For example, if the number of green leaves is less than 10 pieces in the middle or late November, organic manure such as pig cow dung or earth miscellaneous fertilizer may be added between the rows of rapeseed. Usually, 100-150 kilograms of plant ash are used in Mushi and 1000-1500 kilograms of pig dung are used. Soil manure 2500-3000 kg (or 900-1000 kg of fire and earth ash); if the seedlings are smaller, they should be applied. Sprinkle around the rhizome of the rape or fill the nest. After the application, loose soil and cover the roots with fertilizer. For example, in the late November, when the number of green leaves reaches 13 or so, the seedlings will flourish, and the dark green color of the leaves may be less or not applied.
Third, leaf fertilizer. Rape before winter foliar spraying phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, can increase the cell liquid concentration, reduce the freezing point and enhance cold resistance. Therefore, during the overwintering period, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, vigor, Huimanfeng and other solutions may be sprayed, and a boron-deficient rapeseed field may be sprayed with a 0.2% borax solution, which is favorable for freezing and seedling preservation.
Weeding and weeding
The cultivator loose soil can protect the soil, increase the soil temperature and improve the ventilation condition of the soil, which is conducive to the decomposition of organic fertilizers and promote the rooting and hair growth of rapeseed. Seedling during the seedling stage can promote the promotion of the lower (root) and promote the role of (leaf), post-emergence deep plowing can not only control, but also promote, but also can control the grassland, but the cultivator should be adapted to local conditions, due to seedlings, such as 11 In the middle and late of the month, the number of green fields with more than 10 green leaves should be deep plowed to achieve the purpose of control and promotion, which is conducive to safe wintering. The cultivator should follow the principle of “deep between the lines and shallow at the rootâ€. Roots are cultivated to promote the growth of the roots. It is advisable to cultivate 7-10 cm of soil. The cultivating soil in combination with cultivating soil has better effect.
Dehumidification and drought prevention
Rape is not tolerant to drought, as the saying goes, "Bad winter canola dry winter wheat." Insufficient moisture will affect root and leaf growth and flower bud differentiation. In case of dry weather and pale white soil, they should resist drought. However, in the case of low-lying or rainy terrain, clearing and ditching should be done to prevent stains, so that the “three-channel†means that the gutters, transverse grooves, and the gutters are unobstructed, so as to prevent the roots from breathing, and the leaves become red and yellow. Affect the growth of rapeseed.
Disease prevention and pest control
The diseases and pests of rapeseed before winter are mainly “three insects and one disease†namely: aphids, cabbage caterpillars, vegetable aphids, and virus diseases.
This year due to the pre-drought, the temperature was high, and a large number of aphids and cabbage caterpillars occurred. In particular, if rape is harmed by aphids, it will lead to virus disease and cause serious losses. Therefore, it is necessary to seize the prevention and control of pests during the seedling stage. The prevention and control method is as follows: cabbage caterpillars and vegetable pods are sprayed with 2.5% per enemy to kill 20 ml (or deltamethrin) with water and 40 kg evenly. The aphids are sprayed with 10 to 15 grams of 10% imidacloprid per acre, or 40 kg of even water to prevent aphids from controlling the occurrence of viral diseases. If viral disease occurs, mu can be sprayed with a 100 g of water and 40 kg of water evenly. The severely affected field is sprayed once every seven days and used twice in succession. It has a good control effect against viral diseases.
Seedling deficiency
7-10 days after transplanting, seedlings should be checked in time. For the lack of rapeseed, strong seedlings should be used for supplementary planting. After planting, the rooted clearing water should be reused to ensure that the seedlings are strong.
Fertilizer topdressing
During the field of rapeseed field management, reasonable fertilization according to the seedling growing conditions and different growth periods on the needs of nutrition can play a role in promoting early-onset, stable growth, strong moss, branching, flower promotion, Tim grain, and grain weight. Obviously the effect of increasing production.
First, Miao Fei. Should be applied early and diligently. Rape, especially hybrid rapeseed, has a strong growth advantage at the seedling stage and requires a large amount of fertilizer. The early winter is an important period for fertilizer demand. The availability of sufficient nutrients at this stage has an important effect on the number of effective branches per plant and the number of pods. In order to meet the nutrient requirements for the growth and development of rapeseed, topdressing should be performed according to different seedling potentials, mainly organic fertilizers. Phosphorus can promote the development of rapeseed roots and enhance resistance. Potassium can improve rapeseed's ability to resist cold, disease and lodging. Therefore, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately reduced when chasing fertilization, so as to avoid the plants being tender and juicy and having poor cold resistance. Generally divided into 2 applications. The first application was made when the rape was returned to green 7-10 days after transplanting to facilitate the growth of seedlings before winter. The method is to apply 500-1000 kilograms of human dung and 2-3 kilograms of urea (or 10 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate) per mus to make irrigation. For fields with insufficient base fertilizer, poor growth potential, and low-yield fertilizer, the first half of the fertilization period should be followed by another one after another. Urea can be used 4-5 kg ​​(or 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, or 600 kg of human waste) pouring water, drought and dry soil when appropriate more than water. Fertilizer should be combined with cultivator and herbicide to cover fertilizer.
Second, wax fertilizer. Waxen has the effect of warming, freezing, and promoting spring hair. It is generally applied in the middle or late December. To delay the effectiveness of manure, mud, cake-based (such as chemical fertilizers, the amount to be controlled to prevent excessive tender), with the application of a certain amount of plant ash, superphosphate, can increase soil temperature 2-3 degrees, play winter spring hair Effect. For example, if the number of green leaves is less than 10 pieces in the middle or late November, organic manure such as pig cow dung or earth miscellaneous fertilizer may be added between the rows of rapeseed. Usually, 100-150 kilograms of plant ash are used in Mushi and 1000-1500 kilograms of pig dung are used. Soil manure 2500-3000 kg (or 900-1000 kg of fire and earth ash); if the seedlings are smaller, they should be applied. Sprinkle around the rhizome of the rape or fill the nest. After the application, loose soil and cover the roots with fertilizer. For example, in the late November, when the number of green leaves reaches 13 or so, the seedlings will flourish, and the dark green color of the leaves may be less or not applied.
Third, leaf fertilizer. Rape before winter foliar spraying phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, can increase the cell liquid concentration, reduce the freezing point and enhance cold resistance. Therefore, during the overwintering period, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, vigor, Huimanfeng and other solutions may be sprayed, and a boron-deficient rapeseed field may be sprayed with a 0.2% borax solution, which is favorable for freezing and seedling preservation.
Weeding and weeding
The cultivator loose soil can protect the soil, increase the soil temperature and improve the ventilation condition of the soil, which is conducive to the decomposition of organic fertilizers and promote the rooting and hair growth of rapeseed. Seedling during the seedling stage can promote the promotion of the lower (root) and promote the role of (leaf), post-emergence deep plowing can not only control, but also promote, but also can control the grassland, but the cultivator should be adapted to local conditions, due to seedlings, such as 11 In the middle and late of the month, the number of green fields with more than 10 green leaves should be deep plowed to achieve the purpose of control and promotion, which is conducive to safe wintering. The cultivator should follow the principle of “deep between the lines and shallow at the rootâ€. Roots are cultivated to promote the growth of the roots. It is advisable to cultivate 7-10 cm of soil. The cultivating soil in combination with cultivating soil has better effect.
Dehumidification and drought prevention
Rape is not tolerant to drought, as the saying goes, "Bad winter canola dry winter wheat." Insufficient moisture will affect root and leaf growth and flower bud differentiation. In case of dry weather and pale white soil, they should resist drought. However, in the case of low-lying or rainy terrain, clearing and ditching should be done to prevent stains, so that the “three-channel†means that the gutters, transverse grooves, and the gutters are unobstructed, so as to prevent the roots from breathing, and the leaves become red and yellow. Affect the growth of rapeseed.
Disease prevention and pest control
The diseases and pests of rapeseed before winter are mainly “three insects and one disease†namely: aphids, cabbage caterpillars, vegetable aphids, and virus diseases.
This year due to the pre-drought, the temperature was high, and a large number of aphids and cabbage caterpillars occurred. In particular, if rape is harmed by aphids, it will lead to virus disease and cause serious losses. Therefore, it is necessary to seize the prevention and control of pests during the seedling stage. The prevention and control method is as follows: cabbage caterpillars and vegetable pods are sprayed with 2.5% per enemy to kill 20 ml (or deltamethrin) with water and 40 kg evenly. The aphids are sprayed with 10 to 15 grams of 10% imidacloprid per acre, or 40 kg of even water to prevent aphids from controlling the occurrence of viral diseases. If viral disease occurs, mu can be sprayed with a 100 g of water and 40 kg of water evenly. The severely affected field is sprayed once every seven days and used twice in succession. It has a good control effect against viral diseases.
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