The open solanaceous vegetables are mainly eggplant, sweet pepper, and tomato. In the high temperature and rainy summer, due to the influence of the climate and the environment, it is easy to breed various pests. The vegetable growers need to be vigilant in the process of management and take active measures. Effective measures to prevent and control.
I. Pests and diseases that are easy to occur in summer eggplant vegetables
1. Viral Diseases: High temperature and high humidity in summer. Solanaceous vegetables are prone to viral diseases. On the one hand, they are seed-borne bacteria. Another important aspect is the spread of aphids. The young leaves of tomato and green pepper grow at the young part of the plant where they are shriveled, mosaics, lobule, sometimes brown and brown spots on the stem, and brown spots on the fruit. Therefore, if the number of locusts is high, the virus should be prevented. Disease hazards.
2. Sweet (spice) pepper disease: In July of high temperature and high humidity, green peppers in open fields are prone to epidemic diseases, especially after storms and storms, the disease spread rapidly in the fields. For example, in Yongnian County, Handan City, the diseased field rate was 80% on July 22, 2005, and the diseased plant rate was 7%. After the onset of disease, there was a clear epidemiological center. The rate of the diseased plant in the center was 100%. Plant stems, fruits, and branches were all affected. The most significant condition was that the stems of the tillers turned dark brown. The fruit is wet and rot. It is difficult to control the epidemic. Last year, there was a local out-of-control situation where it was pulled out early in the fruit period. For this reason, prevention and control of the epidemic will still be placed at the top of the list this year.
3. Diseases and Insects of Eggplant: Eggplant disease is severe in rainy summer months. In July and August in 2005, rainfall was large in July and August, and the hot weather lasted for a long time. Therefore, eggplant brown spot disease, eggplant Verticillium wilt, and M. blight disease occurred. The occurrence of Brown leaf disease in tomato takes the stem base, leaves and fruit as the most obvious, and the diseased part has black spots. The base of the stem suffers from dents, rots, and most of them fall off from the diseased part; there are round brown lesions on the leaves, the central grayish white after enlargement, irregular round ridges, dense black spots on the top; the lesions on the fruit are round or not Regularly shaped, brown, with a pronounced roulette after expansion, produces many small black spots, eventually causing rotten fruit. In 2005, the disease rate in Bazhou was as high as 20%. With the expansion of eggplant cultivation area, the continuous cropping phenomenon is serious, and the number of soil pathogens has increased year by year. On August 2, 2005, the rate of Verticillium wilt disease in Baoding City was 10%, and it was 20%. Eggplant verticillium wilt disease mostly occurs after the fruit is set in the eggplant, and the diseased plant grows sharply in the fruit period. The occurrence of leaf yellow and deciduous disease is particularly marked by the fact that half of the plant is yellow and the vascular bundle in the stem turns brown, which is a kind of intractable disease. If the temperature is low this summer, eggplant verticillium wilt disease will tend to occur.
Eggplant Mushroom Disease commonly known as rotten fruit, water rot, is one of the important diseases of eggplant, the results of the prosperous period into the prosperous period, occurred in 2005 heavier, damage the fruit, causing decay, Yongnian County disease rate of 16%. If it is rainy in summer, continuous cropping will occur more seriously.
In summer, the eggplant was also harmed by the tea plant, causing the eggplant to be valgused, cracking its mouth and showing a flowering bun. This fruit is bitter and inedible. This symptom often occurs from August to September every year. Because the body length of the tea plant is only 0.2 mm and its body color is transparent, it is difficult to observe with the naked eye, and it is often confused with the lobular form of the young leaves after being infected. The relative humidity of the eggs and cubs of the tea plant is required to be more than 80%, so the tea plant pods will be produced under humid conditions.
Second, the main measures to control pests and diseases of eggplant vegetables
1. Virus disease: Dispel cockroach, use 1500 times of 10% imidacloprid, and spray 8000 times with 70% imilan. Treatment, with 1.5% Zhilingling 2nd 1000 times, or 5% bacteriostatic water solution 400 times, 20% virus A500 times, 1000 times potassium permanganate, mixed with brassin 6000 times and 70% Antai 500 times, even 3 times, interval 3-5 days.
2, sweet (spicy) pepper disease: Prevention should be based on prevention, early onset should be promptly dealt with. Preventive use of drugs: after planting the larvae, especially before the rainy season, medications should be prevented. Use 10% Kejia 2000 times fluid, once every 10 days, and use twice. To deal with the diseased plants in the center, the diseased plants should be immediately removed from the disease center, brought out of the field and burned, and the soil surface of the ward be sterilized. Therapeutic use: For plants outside the central area, use 10% Kejia 1000 times liquid, once every 7 days, and use 3 times. It can also be used 69% Anke manganese zinc wettable powder 1000 times, 72.2% Precike 600 times liquid, 50% Siobacter 1000 times, or green copper copper 800 - 1000 times spray, even defense 2 - 3 times, spray evenly, if the base of the stem is severely affected, ank manganese zinc, Preco to medicine soil, sprinkled in the roots.
3, eggplant brownie disease, eggplant verticillium wilt disease: seed treatment before sowing, the seeds soaked in warm water at 50 °C for 30 minutes, removed into cold water, cooling and drying after sowing. Pay attention to disinfection of bed soil, use 80% of 50% carbendazim WP per square metre, or 20 kg of 50% thiram and 20 kg of fine soil to make up the medicinal soil. Spread 1/3 of the soil before sowing on the surface. After the sowing, the remaining medicinal soil is covered on the seeds; 70% of quintozene and 50% of thiram are mixed in equal amounts, and the dosage is 8 to 9 grams per square meter, and 500 to 1,500 grams of dry fine soil is added. Sprinkle on the seedbed. Control after onset: 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times, 64% antitoxic powder 500 times liquid, 47% Garrettner wettable powder 600 times, 10 days , even against 2-3 times.
4. Verticillium wilt in eggplant: Prevention work can be done after harvesting. At the beginning of the disease, 50% ceric phosphate calcium wettable powder 350 times, and 1 kg per strain.
5, eggplant Mianbingbing: spray protection before the rainy season, from the beginning of the rainy season, spray once every 7 days 1:1:200 times Bordeaux fluid protection, the beginning of the disease must be applied immediately. Available 75% chlorothalonil 500-600 times solution, 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times, 40% EB aluminum WP 200 times, 64% antivirus 500 times, etc., interval 7-10 Days, even spray 3-4 times.
6, tea glycosides: medicine is the key when carrying leaves. Since tea aphid mainly concentrates on the back of young leaves, when spraying acaricides, they should be sprayed and sprayed, sprayed and tendered, and sprayed upwards to spray the leaves. Drugs for prevention and treatment require continuous protection 2-3 times, the use of 15% fluorene ketone agent 3000 times, 1.8% worms grams 2000 times. (Hebei Plant Protection Station)
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