In recent years, China has made great progress in tomato hybrid seed production technology. The increase in the yield and quality of seeds has created a large amount of foreign exchange for the country. At the same time, it has greatly promoted rural poverty alleviation and the promotion of rural economic development. This article will introduce the main techniques for the high quality and high yield of tomato hybrid seeds.
I. Cultivation of strong seedlings is a prerequisite for high yield
1. Seed preparation in various places can be based on local characteristics using appropriate methods of nursery. Such as hotbeds, cold beds, greenhouses, plastic greenhouses or electric hotbed nursery. Due to relatively few foreign parental seeds, for the sake of safety, it is best to use greenhouse seeding. In order to better control the temperature in the seedbed, it is best to use a cold bed as a transplant bed. The cold bed consists of cold-proof material, polypropylene rope, new
Plastic Film, bamboo sheet and bed soil. The size of the cooling bed is 1.8 meters wide and the length can be determined according to the area of ​​nursery. The minimum length is not less than 2 meters. The minimum amount of female nursery beds should not be less than 2.5 meters. Bed soil was screened by disease-free field soil, decomposed manure, and decomposed horse manure, and was uniformly mixed at a ratio of 5:3:2. The thickness was 20 cm and the bed was 10 cm deep from the ground.
2. Seed soaking, germination and sowing father than the mother sowing 10 to 12 days. First, the parental seeds should be placed in water at about 25°C to wash off the medicine coat, and then soak for 8 to 12 hours. The soaked seeds are wrapped in a wrung wet towel and placed in a container. The containers were placed on 28 to 30°C pods to germinate, and budding took 2 to 3 days. During the germination period, the seeds were washed with warm water of 25-30°C every morning and evening, and the seeds were often turned so that the temperature was uniform and budding was neat. When the seeds germinate about 80% and the shoot length does not exceed 2 mm, they should be sown immediately. Sowing at 12 o'clock on the sunny day, the thickness of the cover soil should be uniform. Then, stir-fried bean cake was not blended with carbofuran in a ratio of 50:1, and 50 grams per square meter of the nursery bed was used to prevent and control underground pests, and the bed was covered with a plastic film. When the seedlings excavated, the film was removed and the air temperature was maintained at 15°C during the day and 8°C to 10°C during the night. After two days, the air was stopped and the temperature was kept at 25-30°C during the day and 15°C at night.
3. Transfer seedlings and management When the seedling grows 4 leaves to begin transplanting, the seedlings are 8 to 10 cm 8 to 10 cm away. 5 days before transplanting seedlings to do a good job, according to the seedling spacing in the bed dug out 5 cm deep ditch, the seedlings into the water, and then into the ditch water, water infiltration after the ditch for the soil. After easing the seedlings, the shed film was removed in the early morning according to soil conditions. The bed soil was immersed for 10 cm with a watering can, and then the temperature of the bed soil was increased by sealing the shed film so that the daytime temperature in the bed reached 28 3030° C. and 15 1818° C. at night. If the air temperature in the bed exceeds 30°C after the bacteria are transplanted, use a straw or other shade to cover the shade on the shed film to avoid overheating. After easing the seedlings, it is mainly to control the temperature in the bed and meet the need for moisture. The temperature must be controlled by releasing air. Vent outlets should be located on both sides of the seedbed, staggered and often change positions. The air outlet should gradually increase with the increase of temperature, gradually remove all the shed films 5 days before planting, and carry out the hardening of seedlings to adapt to the open environment. Before planting, 50% of Fujimidine 500-fold liquid was used to irrigate the roots, 2 to 3 kg per square meter, and 75% chlorothalonil was sprayed on the seedlings.
Second, positioning
1. Plot selection and cornice arrangement Select sandy land, loam or clay loam with convenient irrigation, good drainage, deep soil layer, organic matter as a system for farming, and other crops other than Solanaceae for a period of 3 to 5 years. Parents of different species can be planted adjacent to each other. There must be a separation zone of more than 30 meters between the parent of one species and the parent of another species.
2. Land preparation, hoeing, and basal fertilization were carried out in the fall of the autumn in the first year of the autumn. The depth was more than 30 cm. In the spring of the year, the land was leveled and the hoeing was done in time. The father and mother were all cultivated on high mulching film. The height is 10 cm, the father is 1 meter wide, the female parent is 1.2 meters wide, and the father and mother are 10 to 15 meters long. The land is even and the water can be even longer. Otherwise it should be short. Use 75 kg of superphosphate and 1500 kg of decomposed pure chicken manure per acre to mix evenly, mix in 5,000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, and apply it as a base fertilizer to the middle ditch in the raft, immediately after the rain or when the soil is not sticky after the irrigation. Face and cover the surface with a 90 cm wide plastic film.
3. After colonization at the end of the night frost, colonization in the afternoon was used to establish the paternal parent and then to establish the female parent. During the colonization, use the puncher to drill the planting hole according to the strain and row spacing (all 40 cm), put more than 10 grains of diammonium phosphate at the bottom of the planting hole, and plant the seedlings with the soil to the hole, and then fill two holes in the hole. Sub-water, after the water infiltration, seal the planting holes with dry soil.
4. After inserting and arranging the vines, the parent and mother are immediately inserted into the trusses and bound to prevent the wind from cutting off the seedlings. The father uses a 60 cm long bamboo stick inserted into a single pole frame. ~1.2 meters long bamboo cutting adult frame. The rack should be inserted on the outside of the 10 centimeters from the root.
5. The pruning and snoring fathers do not fight, and the female parent should promptly get rid of it when it grows to about 3.3 centimeters long. The female parent adopts three pruning methods. When the female vines are capped with three or more inflorescences, they are selected to retain the closest seed vines from the inflorescence under the first and second inflorescences. When the mother inflorescences are capped, in addition to being treated under the three inflorescences and capped above, a vine is left on the first vine and its first inflorescence closest to the first inflorescence, and Sun Man and the two vines form three dry. When the vine is in an inflorescence cap, leaves the vine closest to the inflorescence closest to the first inflorescence of the mother vine in place of the mother vine, removing the rest of the vines, leaving a single child at the closest position from the inflorescence under the first and second inflorescences of the vine. The vines form three stems.
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