Euonymus for Rosaceae is a Eurasian tree species, a perennial deciduous shrub. Because the fruit contains high calcium, also known as high calcium fruit. As the third generation of new health fashion fruits, European Li has fruits like small plums, sweet and sour taste, unique flavor and rich nutrition. Its calcium and iron content ranks first in all kinds of fruits.
First, nursery
1, sowing nursery. Collect mature fruits, prepare seeds to dry, and store them in a cool, ventilated place. Before and after New Year's Day, stratification is performed: digging deep in the shade, and each one meter in width, the length of which is determined by the number of seeds. After choosing the river sand, the humidity of the river sand will be dispersed after being held by a handful of groups. At the bottom, 20 centimeters of river sand will be laid, then a layer of river sand will be seeded. When it is 20 centimeters from the ground, it will be sealed with river sand. Then The soil piled up to 20 cm above the ground was used to cover the soil. Seeds were erected every 1 meter for good ventilation, and blankets should be covered when the weather was cold. In early March, seeds can be sown when 15% of seeds are broken. The use of hole sowing, row spacing 40 cm, spacing 15 cm, 3 holes per hole, soil cover 3-4 cm, and then covered with mulching, the emergence rate of up to 85%.
2, green branch cutting seedlings. In the middle and early May, select the best single plant, collect the cuttings with a half-lumbering thickness of 0.4 cm or more in the current year, and the length is 8-10 cm. The upper part is flat and the lower part is beveled. Immediately after harvest, leaves are removed, leaving only the upper part 1- 2 leaflets, immediately insert clear water into the cool place. In order to increase the rooting rate, ABT rooting powder 200-300 mg / kg can be used to soak the base for 20 minutes, the rooting rate can reach 95% or more. Choose clean river sand as substrate, thickness 20 cm, cover plastic sheeting and shade net, cutting spacing 5 cm 8 cm, first insert the stick connector slightly thicker than the cutting insert, insert the cutting insert, then wrap strict. Immediately after the insertion of watering and leaf spraying, spray 3 to 5 times a day to keep the leaves without losing water. After the insertion, 0.2% carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl is sprayed every 3 days to prevent diseases, so that rooting can take place after 15 to 20 days. Half a month later, after hardening, the seedlings were transplanted to the nursery in the early evening on cloudy days. 0.3% urea was sprayed in the early stage and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed in the later stage. Carefully managed, it can grow 30-40 centimeters in the year. Can blossom.
3, buried root nursery. It can be done after defoliation and before germination. It is best to dig 0.5-1 cm thick roots at the beginning of the winter, cut them into 15-18 cm long, 50 bundles, and attach the species labels to carry out sand trapping. Buried in the late February and early March of the following year. The spacing is 15 cm and 35 cm. The upper end is level with the ground. After burial, it is irrigated with water, and then covered with plastic film, which can increase the temperature and moisturize and increase the rate of emergence and seedling formation.
4, childbirth nursery. European roots can be planted and seedlings can be excavated before spring buds sprout.
5, grafting seedlings. European Li grows slowly and branches are fine, grafting uses the seedlings growing for one year, and branches are used in early spring. For inferior varieties, grafting can also be used in the spring to change the fine varieties.
Second, the cultivation techniques
1, barren mountain afforestation
Large-scale mixed afforestation can be used. Euonymus can be mixed with broadleaf trees such as Robinia pseudoacacia, Yuanbaofeng, or coniferous trees such as Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis. The eucalyptus is cultivated in strips, each with 4 rows, with a spacing of 2 meters, with a row spacing of 0.5-1.2 meters. Bulk mixing can increase the protection of the forest from the environment and increase the productivity of the land. Ou Li can do fruit, medicinal, firewood and so on.
2, artificial cultivation garden
In recent years, many localities have cultivated Europe and Libya artificially and the benefits are very good. Ou Li is also used for artificial cultivation with band-shaped planting, each with 3-4 rows, with a distance of 2 meters, with a spacing of 0.8 meters within 1.5 meters, easy management and fruit picking. Can also be interspersed with other fruit trees to improve economic efficiency.
3, the election site preparation
Afforestation in barren hills can choose sunny slopes, semi-sunny slopes, gentle slopes, and thick soil slopes. The use of horizontal lands, with a width of 1m and a depth of 0.5m, is determined by mountains, and is low and high in the interior. Turf covers the rain along the slope. Daejeon can be built on a general plot, but it has the best irrigation conditions. It is also possible to plant trees and rows of trees and terraces. Before planting, turn it deeper and apply more organic fertilizer.
4, planting
The time is best to be carried out after the fall of Eurya leaves in autumn until the soil is frozen. It can also bloom after the soil is thawed in the spring and before the buds sprout. Digging points according to the distance between the rows, the depth of the hole is 0.5 meters, the length and width are 0.4 meters, and the tables and bottom soil are stacked separately. Barren hills can be planted in the bottom of the cave. Immediately after the seedlings are planted, the mud is pulled into the mud and the grass is planted. If it is not good, it can be poured by pouring water.
5, watering fertilizer
In Europe, there are three key periods for fertility needed during the year: before and after sprouting in spring, nitrogen fertilizer is the main factor; the new shoot tip length and N, P and K compound fertilizers during young fruit expansion period can promote new shoot growth and young fruit enlargement; At the beginning of the month, fertilizing before the last fruit growth peak, using phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as the main factor, accelerating fruit enlargement; after the fruit is harvested, applying organic fertilizer in autumn in the fall, appropriate amount of black wolfberry (ferrous sulfate) can be added to the organic fertilizer. To meet the fruit's need for iron. If you have irrigation conditions, you should apply water after fertilization, otherwise you will grab the fertilization.
6, pruning
Use plexiform shaping. The high-yielding European-Liu bushes should have about 10 branches of various types, of which 7-8 are basic branches, 2-3 are 2-year-old branches, and 10-15 branches are selected as renewal annually. When planting in spring, 20 centimeters of each branch are short-cut, and then 3 to 5 basal shoots and 7 to 15 secondary shoots can be germinated. In the second year, a large number of flower buds were formed and the flowering result was achieved. The secondary branches on the biennial branches were thinned and the dense and weak branches were eliminated. For basal shoots, two or three of the middle of the shoots can be selected for short cuts to promote prosperous growth, and the rest of the basal shoots have long results. The two-year-old plant clusters are easy to produce basal shoots, and they are germinated soon after the bud has emerged, leaving 10-15 shoots as renewal branches for each culm, and the rest are cut off. In the third year of fruiting, the basal branches and the branches on the two-year-old short branches of the previous year grew robustly and formed a large number of flower buds. After a long period of two-year branches and three-year-old branches, the lateral branches were thin and the winter was removed.
7, thinning and fruit thinning
European Li Yicheng flowers, generally basal branches from the base of the third quarter can be flowering results, each section can be flowering 2-8, in the mung bean size when the fruit thinning, sparse tip fruit, densely squeezed fruit, so robust branch Retain 20 fruit, mean tree branch retains 10 fruit, weak branch 3-5 fruit.
8. Pest control
Euryale lucidum has less pests and diseases, and it can be sprayed once before germination to prevent pests and insects by spraying 3 Baume Degree Lithosulfur. After entering the rainy season in July, there will be powdery mildew and bacterial perforation, which can be controlled by triadimefon and agricultural streptomycin. Insect pests are mainly aphids and are controlled by imidacloprid.
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