How to cultivate winter potato

Guangdong has a warm and abundant water source in winter, which has the advantage of developing winter potato resources. The earliest listed winter seed potato in Guangdong was three months ahead of other regions. It is the earliest marketed fresh potato in the world and has a market advantage. Winter potato is one of the most ideal winter crops at present, and it is easy to cultivate, has short production period, low cost, high yield and wide use. The main cultivation techniques are as follows:

First, seed treatment

Before planting, it is required to perform germination and drying. Potatoes have a dormancy period of 50-60 days after harvest, and all germ-free potato species must be germinated. Germination method:

1, scattered storage. After the seed potatoes are bought back, the seed potatoes are spread evenly in the room where they are dry and ventilated. If some potato pieces are found to be rotten, remove the rotting portion.

2, for cutting. 10 days before planting. The apical buds of the potato first germinate and have the effect of inhibiting germination of the buds in the middle and lower parts. If the top buds are damaged or removed, other buds will germinate quickly. In order to obtain more seed potatoes, it is necessary to cut the potatoes. The method is as follows: 12.5 Two or more large potato cuttings: From the middle of the cut, the top part is divided into 2-4 pieces, each piece has 1-2 buds, and all have the top part. Umbilical cut 2-3 pieces. 22 two or so cut: horizontal knife, vertical knife, that is divided into four. 31 two or so small potato cutting method: vertical knife, divided into two. 41 two small potato cutting method: cut 0.6-0.8 cm at the top, do not completely cut.

3, diced disinfection. After the potato slices are cut and sterilized with 0.2% carbendazim or chlorothalonil (100 pounds of water plus 2 two drugs) liquid spray, spray wet. It is also possible to coat the incision with ash. After drying, carry out the sand bed to germinate.

4, sand bed germination. Germinate in a dry, ventilated place indoors. Use a clean river sand as a germination bed in the cool and ventilated place. Place the cut potato block densely on the ground and cover it with 3 cm thick wet sand. Small tubers are densely laid on the river sand and covered with river sand. Such a layer of small potato block wet river sand (placed 2-3 layers is appropriate), paved with a sack or stalks to cover. After 6-8 days, when most of the potato shoots sprout (buds grow a peanut size) can be sown. Precipitate should always check the river sand moisture, too dry water spray in time, avoid the bottom of water.

Second, field cultivation

1. Soil selection. Choose a convenient, fertile sandy soil for drainage and irrigation. The planting time should be carried out immediately after the late rice is cut. It is ideal for planting from late October to early November. It is not appropriate to choose paddy soil with viscous and heavy soil. In order to prevent the spread of diseases, bogey and peanut, tobacco, tomatoes and other solanaceae crops.

2, start from the ditch, Shizu base fertilizer. The sowing rate per acre is 80-100 kg. Generally, 3500-4000 plants are planted per acre. Each pavilion is 1.3 meters wide and 80 to 90 centimeters wide; double rows are planted with a row spacing of 28 centimeters and a spacing of 25 centimeters. It is best to plant deep sorghum sorghum with a ditch depth of about 18-20 cm. The ditch width is about 45-55 cm, which is conducive to drainage and field operations. Applying basic fertilizer: Applying organic fertilizer in Daejeon, applying 1000-2000 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 20 kg of compound fertilizer, and 5 kg of potassium sulfate as base fertilizer per mu of Shinong manure compost.

3, sowing. Open two rows of planting ditch in the surface of the plant, with a gap of 28 cm in the middle; put the planting potatoes, each piece of potato is spaced 25 centimeters apart, and the buds are upward, cover the species with complex soil. Immediately after the planting, run the horse water once and fill it until it is 2 inches away from the surface. Do not soak it. In order to avoid causing potato rot. One or two days later, they were sprayed with weeds and then covered with straw.

4, field top dressing. 1 Seedlings 6-70%, 5 kg of urea, 5 kg of compound fertilizer plus 40 kg of water. Compound fertilizer should be soaked overnight to facilitate dissolution. 2 When the seedling height is about 10 cm, 5 kg of urea, 5 kg of compound fertilizer, and 40 kg of water are used for planting. And small earth. 3 After the closure of the line, 5 mu of urea was used for mu, 7.5 kg of compound fertilizer was added, and 40 tons of water was applied and large earths were added. It is best to use a low concentration of pig urine to apply thin, so that the product rate is higher, easy to high yield. Dapu soil is a key measure to determine the yield of potatoes. The soil is well cultivated so that both tuber and tuber are swelled in the soil to prevent the emergence of tubers.

5, water management. Keep the soil moist after planting to facilitate early emergence of seedlings and to keep the soil moist afterwards. The soil surface of the field is "white" and the soil should be watered when water is scarce. It is advisable to pour the water into half the height of the alfalfa. After the surface soil is permeated with water, it is drained. Before the harvest, the bottom of the field is not covered with water and only the soil is kept moist. Pay attention to drainage when there is too much rain, especially in the field 15 days before the harvest can not have waterlogging, in order to prevent excessive water absorption of potato chips or rot.

6. Pest control. Diseases include diseases such as blight, soft rot, viral disease, and scab, insect pests include aphids, bark worms, and ladybugs. 1 During early winter, high temperature and drought are susceptible to aphids and can be controlled by dimethoate. Other pests, such as potato stem moths and ladybugs, are controlled by dipterex 800 times, 50% dichlorvos emulsion 1000 times, and 2.5% perchlorin Emulsion 300-400 times liquid. 2 Late blight is prone to occur in the middle and late stages. Bordeaux 1:2:200 (copper sulfate:lime:water) can be used for early prevention and treatment at the early stage of disease, and field management inspections are strengthened. The diseased plants are immediately removed to prevent the spread of disease. Chemical control: Mancozeb 1000 times or 75% chlorothalonil 600-800 times.

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