Potato Fertilization Technology for Vegetables

With the optimization of agricultural planting structure, the potato has become one of the main winter crops in the city. The annual planting area is about 50,000 mu, the total output value is nearly 100 million yuan, and the net income is between 700 and 800 yuan, which is another increase in income for farmers. Highlights. Winter cultivation of potatoes in Longhai City has superior conditions: deep paddy soil, fertile soil, suitable winter temperatures, cold weather, basically no frost, adequate light, less rainfall, provide a good ecological environment for potato growth and development. The farmers of this city have rich cultivation experience. The potato skin produced is thin and smooth, golden in color, good in taste and good in quality. It is the top grade potato in vegetables. Exported to Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Shantou and other large and medium-sized cities. According to the experiments and demonstrations accumulated over the years and the accumulated cultivation experience, around the goal of high yield, high efficiency and high quality, we have concluded a set of effective balanced fertilization techniques in large-scale promotion. First, the principle of potato fertilization The cultivation period of potato in our city is generally 120-130 days. It was observed that seedlings emerged 30 days after sowing and budding and flowering occurred 60 days later. Potatoes require potassium for most of their life, followed by nitrogen and less phosphorus. Lei flowering period is the peak absorption. Each production of 500 kilograms of tubers requires 2.5-3.0 kg of nitrogen, 1 kg of phosphorus, and 4-5 kg ​​of potassium. According to the growth law of potato, we put forward the principles of fertilization before promotion, control, and protection. In the early stage, the potato should be made as soon as possible with rapid growth and more branches, forming a certain high yield seedling frame, and nitrogen and phosphorus are the main fertilizers. 90% of the fertilizer was applied within 60 days after emergence; the growth of stems and leaves was controlled in the medium term, and it was not allowed to grow wildly, which led to its transfer into underground tuber formation and enlargement. It was not possible to make the leaves fall off prematurely in order to maintain the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves. More nutrients are produced for underground tuber enlargement. Potassium fertilizer is the main fertilizer, supplement nitrogen fertilizer. Fertilizers should be applied completely within 30 days of the harvest. Second, according to yield, fertility level Fertilization level potato fertilization level should be based on the soil fertility, fertilizer supply capacity, and output indicators to determine. The variety of potato planted in Longhai City is dominated by detoxification of purple 851 in the north, and the maximum yield per mu is up to 2500 kg. Planted soil is generally muddy and muddy. According to routine tests, the soil organic matter content is 25-40 g/kg, total nitrogen 0.8-2.0 g/kg, hydrolyzable nitrogen 100-200 mg/kg, and available phosphorus 10- 20 mg/kg; available potassium 80-150 mg/kg. Higher ground forces lay a good foundation for high production and stable production. From 2001 to 2002, we conducted fixed-point surveys on 50 large-scale seed potatoes and three-year balanced fertilization tests at the soil and fertilizer station. The results showed that the optimal ratio of the three elements was N based on the application of organic fertilizer with 2,500 kg of mushroom soil and 150 kg of rice straw per acre. :P2O5:K2O is 1:0.4:1.2, 16 kg of nitrogen is applied to the mud in the Muddy land, and the yield can reach 2000-2200 kg. The amount of pure nitrogen in the mush field, ash and mud field, or other moderately fertile land is 12-14 kg. 1800-2000 kg. Third, according to the characteristics of suction fertilizer given fertilization measures (a) to apply base fertilizer potato fertilization base fertilizer, generally accounted for 60% -70% of the total fertilizer. Through testing the base fertilizer can increase 5% -8%. The basal fertilizer is applied in combination with site preparation or soil covering. After sowing, it is planted with 2000-2,500 kilograms of mushroom soil per acre, and then covered with 150 kg of straw. After 3 days, apply 50% of total nitrogen fertilizer, 40% of potassium fertilizer, and 100% of phosphate fertilizer to 2 kg of sulphur per acre. Apply fertilization method to the soil and then cover the soil. The city has cultivated 6 million square meters of mushrooms each year. Mushroom soil has a wide range of organic fertilizer sources, convenient materials, and complete nutrient content. It is an ideal potato organic fertilizer and cover material. Covering with straw not only increases the air permeability of the soil, but also makes the smooth and glossy skin of the roasted potato pieces, improves the appearance of the potato, and increases the content of organic matter in the soil after rot. (B) early application of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer in topdressing should not be too late, especially in the later period, in order to avoid stem and leaf length and affect the tuber enlargement and quality. In the middle and late period, potassium fertilizer is the main ingredient. It can be divided into two to three applications. When the seedlings are seedlings, they are topdressed for the first time, promote premature hair growth, and increase the area of ​​photosynthesis. At this time nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 30% of the amount of nitrogen, potassium fertilizer accounted for 20% of the total application of potassium, the water pouring, leaving a shallow water layer at the bottom of the ditch, immediately after application should be drained. The second topdressing during budding promotes the continuous growth of stems and leaves and increases the photosynthesis area, which is conducive to tuber enlargement. This dressing is generally applied to 20% of the total nitrogen application rate and 40% of the total application of potassium. The topdressing should be carried out in the afternoon. The fertilizer should be kept away from the leaves. After the fertilizer is applied, it should be watered immediately to speed up the dissolution of the fertilizer, taking care of cleaning the leaves. The test showed that the increase of potash fertilizer in the later period can not only increase the production by 3%-6%, but also increase the product quality by 2%-3% compared with the control. After seeing the seedlings fertilize, the poor seedlings should apply 4-5 kg ​​of imported compound fertilizer per mu. (3) Appropriate root-sowing potatoes are more demanding for medium and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, and sulphur. In order to improve the quality, they can be combined with pest control for extra-root fertilizers, and they can be sprayed with 200 g of 400-fold solution of Gaole foliar. In the early stage, the high-nitrogen type was used to increase the chlorophyll content and increase the photosynthetic efficiency. The later period was 40 days from the harvesting period. The high-potassium type was sprayed once every 7-10 days to prevent premature aging and accelerate the accumulation of starch. Fourth, according to the growth period, the selection of fertilizer varieties Shizu base fertilizer can promote the early period of potato lush foliage, root development. Fertilizers commonly used: Nitrogen is mainly urea. The urea fertilizer is not easy to burn the seedlings and roots, and it must be decomposed and converted into ammonium bicarbonate before it can be absorbed by crops. Phosphorus fertilizer is suitable for superphosphate. It not only contains phosphorus, but also contains elements such as sulfur and calcium. Potassium fertilizer uses potassium chloride. When fertilizing, the three fertilizers can be mixed together and applied in strips. The first application of fertilizer can use ammonium bicarbonate and superphosphate to pour water, and ammonium bicarbonate should be fully dissolved during fertilization so as to avoid burning the leaves at high concentrations in the bottom of the barrel. In the middle and later stages, urea, potassium chloride or imported compound fertilizers were used in combination. At present, most farmers choose to import compound fertilizers for the selection of fertilizers. The entire cultivation process uses imported compound fertilizers with a nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium ratio of 16:16:16. Although imported fertilizers are highly effective, they are easy to use. However, the price is higher, the production cost is increased, and the ratio is unreasonable. In particular, the phosphorus content is too high, the crop absorption is not completely retained in the soil, causing waste and polluting the environment.

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