The quality of shrimp feed, in addition to advanced production equipment and reasonable process flow, is its guarantee, raw material quality, grinding particle size, mixing uniformity, granulation temperature and moisture, moisture after pellet cooling, finished product water resistance and powder content, etc. Both are important factors in determining the quality of shrimp feed.
1 Strictly control the quality of raw materials Under normal production conditions, the palatability and nutrient content of shrimp feed is directly determined by the quality of raw materials. Fresh, high-quality raw materials can produce delicious, nutritious products. Therefore, the purchase of raw materials should be jointly checked by the procurement staff and quality inspectors, and the quality of raw materials must be strictly guaranteed.
When the laboratory technicians accept and test raw materials, they should have a detailed grasp of the acceptance criteria based on the type, source, and market supply of the raw materials.
1.1 Fishmeal Fishmeal is the most important and important protein feed in shrimp feeds. It should be purchased with great care. It is mainly determined by freshness, sensory, microscopy, and nutritional indicators to determine its quality.
1.2 Soybean Meal and Flour Soybean meal is the main protein feed in shrimp feed and should be tested for freshness, urease activity, moisture, crude protein, ash, etc. Flour is the main energy feed in shrimp feed and is also used in shrimp feed. With the important bonding effect, the water resistance of the finished product is mainly determined by its gluten quality and gelatinization viscosity, and its gluten content and gelatinization viscosity should be examined emphatically.
1.3 Both peanut cakes and shrimp shell powder have good attractant properties in shrimp feed. Strict freshness and sensory quality should be strictly ensured. Each bag should be sampled as far as possible. Because peanut cake has a high content of crude fat, it is prone to produce hazel flavor and moldy aflatoxin production, causing damage to the liver function of shrimp. Therefore, the poor quality of peanut cake not only affects the palatability of feed products, but also seriously harms. Shrimp health. In addition, shrimp shell powder contains the essential nutrients and high-quality calcium and phosphorus elements necessary for the growth and development of shrimp. In addition to its freshness, it must also strictly limit its sand content and salt content. Because the sand will cause serious machine wear, poor bonding of the finished product, poor stability in the water, high powder content, salt content is too high, shrimp shell powder tends to absorb moisture during storage, and in severe cases it will cause spontaneous combustion and cause fire. In addition, the index of finished salt will be exceeded. Therefore, the sand content and salt content of shrimp shell powder should be strictly controlled.
1.4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae is rich in vitamin B family elements and unknown growth factors. It is a good raw material for shrimp feed. In addition to taking into account its nutritional indicators, it should be carefully observed under a microscope to see if the cell shape is pure beer. yeast.
1.5 Additives such as minerals, trace elements, and vitamins, etc., should be combined to determine the quality of the raw materials by combining the content, particle size, fluidity, and color.
2 Strictly monitor the key processes that are closely related to product quality in the production process
2.1 Superfine grinding raw material grinding particle size is an important indicator to determine the quality of the appearance of particles, raw material particle size specification surface area greater access to better conditioning effect, particle surface smooth and good adhesion, high hardness, finished product The stability in the water is good, and the powder rate is low, so it should be regularly tested. Usually shrimp feed should ensure that more than 98% of the raw materials can be smashed after the raw material is crushed by 0.3mm.
2.2 The mixing uniformity and moisture content of the secondary mixing raw materials are two important indicators that affect the intrinsic quality of the product. Firstly, the raw materials are evenly mixed to ensure that the nutrients are evenly distributed, so that the product is nutritionally balanced and has a good fruit-feeding ratio; secondly, the water content of the raw materials after mixing is moderate, so that the raw materials can be fully tempered, and the granulation is ensured to have appropriate moisture into the mold. To get the best granulation effect. Usually, the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity of feed ingredients for prawn should be less than 8%, and the water content of raw materials for post-mixing should be 13% to 14%.
2.3 Pre-conditioning and Pelletizing Process The moisture and granulation temperature of the raw material before granulation are important indicators that determine whether the raw material is ripe and the stability of the product's water affects the level of the feed coefficient. Because the raw material is poorly prepared, the product is first of all poor stability in the water and is easily broken up in the shrimp pond. It not only pollutes the shrimp pond but also causes waste. Second, it is poor in digestive utilization after shrimp food, and the growth rate is slow, resulting in high feed conversion. . Therefore, it should be measured several times per shift, usually keeping the granulating temperature at about 90°C, and the moisture content of raw materials before granulation is 16% to 17%.
2.4 Quality Control of Finished Products 1 The moisture content of the finished product is an important indicator affecting the shelf life of the finished product. After the pellets are cooled, the moisture content is too high. During the preservation process, mildew is likely to occur. The moisture content is too low and the pellets are brittle, and powders are easily produced, resulting in a powdered product content. Excessive standards; 2 product water stability, flour content, packaging weight, packaging quality is the product's external quality, for the customer to choose which brand of feed to raise shrimp is better, the appearance of the product quality is an important The deciding factor should be increased monitoring efforts. In general, the water content of shrimp feed should be less than 12%, the stability of the finished product's water should be maintained at about 3h, and the powder content should not exceed 0.3%. 3 The laboratory technician should regularly check the nutritional indicators of the product and timely conduct production according to the test results. Make the necessary adjustments to the recipe. All products must be inspected by the quality inspectors and laboratory technicians before they can be stored and sold.
In general, the quality management of shrimp feed should strictly follow the “three barriers†(ie strict inspection of incoming goods, process inspections, and final inspections), and eliminate all unfavorable factors that may affect product quality in a timely manner. Never allow any factors that may affect the quality of the product to flow into the next process, so as to ensure that the entire process of the product is in a controlled state from the raw material procurement and production process to the use of the user.
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