In the spring sweet potato growing regions, it's crucial to avoid sowing too early. If planted too soon, the stems and leaves tend to grow vigorously, which can lead to a low seed setting rate. The optimal sowing period is generally from late May to mid-June, with the best flowering period occurring between August and early September. In the northern Xia Tianyu area, sowing should be delayed slightly, typically around late June or early July.
Seed treatment before planting plays a vital role in cultivating high-quality sweet potatoes. It helps produce strong, healthy seedlings, which are essential for achieving high yields. Key steps in seed treatment include drying, washing, soaking, and coating. Drying improves seed coat permeability, promoting better germination. Seed selection removes empty grains, broken seeds, and impurities, enhancing germination rates. Soaking seeds in warm water (35°C) for 15 minutes can also boost germination power. Chemical seed coating is an effective method to control pests like wireworms and cutworms, and it should be done after the seeds have been dried and washed.
The sowing method significantly affects the development of strong seedlings. Different regions use various techniques, such as broadcasting, drilling, or spot sowing. Broadcasting often leads to uneven emergence and poor ventilation, making field management difficult. Spot sowing is more labor-intensive and costly. Drilling, commonly used in Gansu’s main production areas, ensures better sowing quality, allows for proper plant spacing, and promotes balanced growth, ultimately improving yield.
Sowing depth is critical, especially for dicotyledonous plants, as the cotyledons need to emerge from the soil. The depth should not be too deep, as this can hinder germination. Soil moisture, season, and soil type all influence the ideal sowing depth. In dry conditions, seeds should be sown slightly deeper, while in wetter soils, they can be shallower. Sandy or dry soils may allow for slightly deeper sowing, up to 6 cm, but clay soils require lighter coverage. In dry, windy areas, it's important to monitor soil cracking after sowing, while in moist, clay-heavy soils, less soil cover is needed to prevent seedlings from struggling to break through after rain.
Seed rate and plant density depend on factors like soil fertility, variety, germination rate, and sowing method. A general recommendation is about 10,000 kg of seeds per hectare, with a typical seeding rate of 2.5–3.0 kg/ha. In northern spring buckwheat areas with longer growing seasons, a population of around 50,000 plants per acre is suitable. In the northern summer buckwheat regions, where soil is fertile and rainfall is adequate, a density of 50,000 to 60,000 plants per mu is usually appropriate. Adjustments should be made based on local conditions to ensure optimal growth and yield.
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