Plant-based pesticides are a type of biopesticide derived from natural plant sources. They serve as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides, making them ideal for the production of clean and safe agricultural products. One such example is Osthole, which is extracted from the dried and mature fruits of *Cnidium monnieri*, a plant belonging to the Umbelliferae family. The formulation available is 0.4% Osthole Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC). This pesticide primarily acts through contact toxicity, with some degree of stomach poisoning. It is effective against pests like cruciferous vegetable caterpillars, cabbage worms, and tea tree aphids.
For the prevention of cruciferous vegetable cabbage worms, it is recommended to apply 80–120 ml of 0.4% EC per 667 square meters, diluted in 50–75 kg of water and evenly sprayed. Similarly, for controlling tea tree aphids, a dose of 100–120 ml of 0.4% EC is advised. The residual effect lasts about seven days, and it is considered safe for crops.
Another plant-derived active ingredient is Celangulin, extracted from the root bark and seeds of the wild shrub *Euonymus*. It is formulated as 1% Celangulin EC. This product has strong stomach toxicity, antifeedant, repellent, and contact killing properties. It is particularly effective against the cabbage white butterfly (*Pieris* spp.). A recommended application rate is 50–70 ml of 1% EC per 667 square meters, mixed with 60–75 kg of water and sprayed evenly. It acts quickly, achieving over 90% control within one day, with an efficacy period lasting more than seven days. It is also safe for use on crops.
Sanguinarine, another plant-based compound, is extracted from the Papaveraceae family, mainly from the roots and seeds of certain plants. It is available as 1% Sanguinarine Wettable Powder (WP) or 5% Alkali Wettable Powder. This pesticide shows moderate effectiveness against several pests, including cruciferous vegetable caterpillars, bean aphids, apple aphids, two-spotted spider mites, and pear hibiscus. For cruciferous vegetables and cabbage caterpillars, 30–50 g of 1% WP per 667 square meters is recommended, especially when applied during the early larval stages. For apple aphids and two-spotted spider mites, a dilution ratio of 1500–2500 times is used, with best results achieved when spraying nymphs on leaves. The effect becomes more noticeable after three days, with an efficacy period of around seven days and no harm to crops.
Lastly, Eucalyptus oil, specifically Cineole, is a key component used in pest control. The formulation is a 5% Cineole solution. It is effective against aphids on cruciferous vegetables. The recommended dosage is 70–100 ml of 5% solution per 667 square meters, diluted in 75 kg of water and sprayed evenly. The control effect lasts approximately seven days, and it is safe for crops.
These plant-based pesticides offer sustainable and environmentally friendly options for integrated pest management, reducing the reliance on synthetic chemicals while maintaining crop health and productivity.
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