Plant-based pesticides are derived from natural plant sources and serve as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides. They are widely used in the production of pesticide-free agricultural products, offering a safer option for both the environment and human health. One such active ingredient is osthole, extracted from the dried and mature fruits of *Cnidium monnieri*, a member of the Umbelliferae family. The formulation available is a 0.4% emulsifiable concentrate (EC). This pesticide primarily acts through contact toxicity and has some stomach poisoning effects. It is highly effective against cruciferous vegetable pests like the cabbage worm and tea tree aphids. For prevention, apply 80–120 ml of 0.4% EC per 667 square meters, diluted with 50–75 kg of water and sprayed evenly. The protection lasts about 7 days and is safe for crops.
Another plant-derived pesticide is celangulin, extracted from the root bark and seeds of the wild shrub *Euonymus*. It is formulated as a 1% EC. This compound has strong stomach toxicity, antifeedant, repellent, and contact insecticidal properties, making it effective against the cabbage white butterfly (*Pieris* spp.). A recommended dose is 50–70 ml of 1% EC per 667 square meters, diluted in 60–75 kg of water and applied uniformly. The product works quickly, achieving over 90% control within one day, with an efficacy period of more than 7 days and no harm to the crops.
Sanguinarine, another plant-based active ingredient, is derived from the Papaveraceae family. It is available as a 1% sanguinarine wettable powder (WP) with 5% alkaline content. It shows moderate effectiveness against pests such as the cabbage caterpillar, bean aphid, apple aphid, two-spotted spider mite, and pear hibiscus. For cruciferous vegetables and cabbage caterpillars, use 30–50 g of the 1% WP per 667 square meters, preferably during the early larval stage. For aphids and mites, dilute the powder at 1500–2500 times and spray thoroughly on nymphs. The effect becomes more noticeable after 3 days, with an effective period of around 7 days and no crop damage.
Lastly, eucalyptus oil, containing 5% cineole, is used as a solution for controlling aphids on cruciferous vegetables. Apply 70–100 ml of the 5% solution per 667 square meters, mixed with 75 kg of water and sprayed evenly. The protection lasts approximately 7 days, and it is safe for the plants. These plant-based options provide sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions for pest management in agriculture.
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