Hawthorn fruit moth, also known as stone date insects, carp meat insects, medicinal date insects, is a lepidoptera fruit moth family. It is a major pest in the Hawthorn producing area. The hawthorn production area in the Qinba mountainous region is particularly serious. The rate of fruit damage is 30% to 40%, and serious to 70%. From 2003 to 2006, the author observed the occurrence and damage characteristics of hawthorn fruit moths in the key mountainous production areas such as Siping, Yueri, Xiangyuan and Zhulinguan in the Liuling Mountains of Danfeng County. The prevention and control measures were taken and the ideal control effect was received.
1. Occurrence and damage According to observations, moths occur in the Liuling Mountains in Danfeng County once a year, and the mature larvae in the soil within 3 to 20 cm depth within 1 to 2 meters from the trunk under the canopy are overwintering. 10 to 15 centimeters account for more than 80% of the winter period up to 10 months. When the conditions of soil temperature and humidity are appropriate from late July to early August of the following year, the overwintering mature larvae bite the overwintering pupa and climb to the surface to scab and phlegm. In the middle of August, the pods become the peak of phlegm and adult emergence, and from late August to the end of August In early September, it was feathering, mating, and spawning. After the emergence of adult worms, it is often plunged in the back of the leaves, branches, grass and stone seams during the day and is frequent at night. Flying distance is short, adults do not have phototaxis and chemotaxis habits. Feathers can copulate after 7 hours, lay eggs 6 to 7 days later, and spawn 60 to 80 eggs, and more than 100 grains. About 70% of eggs are assembled and 30% of eggs are loose. After the beginning of September, the larvae gradually hatched. The larvae hatched for 2 hours and began to crawl on the fruit surface. After 24 hours, the fruit was damaged. Generally, one fruit and one insect, and rarely one fruitworm; the larva of 1~5 days was 2~ 3 mm, more feeding around the nucleus, licking the flesh as a single tunnel, the appearance of fruit and fruit is not harmed; 5 to 10 days of larvae are 3 to 5 mm long, the main food flesh, the surface of the fruit appears dark spots; 10 to 15 days The larvae are 5 to 8 mm long, hollowing out the flesh, and about 80% of the fruit spots have dark spots on the surface of the fruit. After the fruit is hollowed, the larvae continue to injure 2 to 3 fruits. From late September to mid-October, when the soil is suitable, the larvae begin fruit removal and wintering.
2. Control measures
2.1 Soil treatment Before the end of July or early August, the overwintering larvae were excavated. The soil was treated with 4% D~M powder (enemy powder), and an average of 20 grams was applied to each tree. Immediately after application, the soil was dripped and the powder was poured into the soil. Poisoning of overwintering larvae and worms.
2.2 Canopy spraying can generally be carried out in two separates. The first is the emergence of adult eclosion from early August to mid-August, with 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC 4000~5000 times, 20% cypermethrin 3000~4000 times. Or 50% phoxim EC 1000 ~ 1500 times the liquid, the crown spray, the effective insecticidal rate of up to 98%.
The second spraying was conducted from late August to early September. During this period, a large number of eggs were laid by the adults until the larvae hatched. The types and concentrations of the drugs were the same for the first time.
2.3 Agricultural measures turn the tree. Ploughing the tree trays before the soil is frozen in winter, the overwintering hoe is turned to the surface of the soil and frozen to dry, or dead or deep turned to the deep layer of the soil and died. Removal of Fruit Drops Fruit drop from September to October Most of the fruit larvae of pod moths should be cleared in time, reducing the number of larvae that enter the soil for winter. Harvest timely. After ripening the fruit should be timely harvested in order to reduce the loss of insects, but it should be noted that harvesting can not be advanced to ensure the quality of hawthorn meat.
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