Peanut leafhoppers typically become active in late March each year, with infestations beginning in peanut fields from late April to early May. The peak period for their activity occurs between June and July, during which they can cause significant damage to spring-planted peanuts. As the rainy season begins in mid-July, the population of leafhoppers declines rapidly due to increased moisture. However, during periods of drought in August, leafhoppers may reappear, causing further harm during the fruiting stage of peanut growth. By mid-to-late September, the pests move to winter hosts after the peanut harvest, and by late October, they enter their dormant phase.
The leafhoppers feed on the sap of peanut leaves, primarily on the underside. This feeding causes the upper surface of the leaves to turn grayish and eventually yellow. Severely affected leaves may drop off, significantly impairing the plant's ability to perform photosynthesis. This disruption hampers the normal development of the peanuts, leading to reduced yields and lower quality crops, often resulting in shriveled or underdeveloped pods.
To manage peanut leafhoppers effectively, several control methods can be employed:
(1) **Agricultural Control**
Crop rotation is essential to prevent the spread of leafhoppers between host plants. After the peanut harvest, deep plowing helps eliminate overwintering populations while also reducing weed growth that may serve as alternative hosts. Removing weeds from the field is crucial to minimize the availability of alternate food sources for the pests.
(2) **Chemical Control**
When a disease focus is detected in the field or when the infestation rate exceeds 20%, immediate spraying is necessary. Spraying should be thorough, with special attention given to the underside of the leaves where the pests tend to congregate. It is also important to spray surrounding areas, including weeds and other host plants, to prevent further spread. A recommended treatment includes applying a 2% avermectin solution diluted at 3000 times, along with Tianda Organic at 6000 times dilution. These measures help reduce pest populations and protect the crop throughout the growing season.
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