Peanut leafhoppers are a significant pest that becomes active in late March each year. Their infestation of peanut fields typically begins in late April to early May, with the peak activity occurring in June and July. During this time, they cause damage to spring-planted peanuts. As the rainy season arrives in mid-July, their population declines rapidly. However, dry weather in August can lead to a resurgence, causing further harm during the fruiting stage of the peanut plants. By mid-to-late September, the pests move to winter host plants after the peanut harvest, and by late October, they enter their dormant phase.
The leafhoppers feed on the sap of peanut leaves, primarily from the underside. This feeding causes the upper surface of the leaves to turn grayish and gradually yellow. Severe infestations lead to leaf drop, which significantly reduces the plant's ability to perform photosynthesis. This disruption hampers the overall growth of the peanut plants, resulting in reduced yield and poor quality, often referred to as "dried mangoes" in local terms.
To manage peanut leafhoppers effectively, several control methods can be applied:
1. **Agricultural Control**
Implementing crop rotation is essential to prevent the spread of leafhoppers between hosts. After harvesting peanuts, deep plowing helps eliminate overwintering populations and reduces weed presence, which serves as an alternative host. Removing weeds from the field is also crucial to minimize the insect’s breeding grounds.
2. **Chemical Control**
When a disease center is detected or when the infestation rate exceeds 20%, immediate spraying is necessary. The application should be thorough, focusing especially on the underside of the leaves. Weeds and other host plants within and around the field should also be treated to prevent the pests from multiplying. A recommended solution includes using a 2% avermectin solution diluted at 3000 times, combined with Tianda Organic at 6000 times dilution. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are key to effective pest management.
By combining these strategies, farmers can reduce the impact of peanut leafhoppers and ensure better yields and healthier crops.
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