Rapeseed fertilization faces several challenges, including generally low levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, inconsistent nutrient ratios, insufficient use of organic fertilizers, limited straw return, and deficiencies in essential trace elements like boron. These issues can significantly affect yield and quality.
The key principle of fertilization is to increase the use of organic fertilizers and promote the return of crop straw to the soil. This helps improve soil structure, enhance microbial activity, and provide a slow-release source of nutrients for the plants.
When it comes to boron application, it's crucial to base it on the available boron content in the soil. Rape is a crop that requires relatively high levels of boron, especially with the increasing popularity of high-yield hybrid varieties. If the available boron level in the soil is below 0.6 mg per kg, it's recommended to apply 0.5 to 1 kg of borax per mu. However, when the available boron is above 0.6 mg/kg, borax is typically not needed unless applied in small amounts in high-yield areas. If symptoms of boron deficiency appear, such as stunted growth or yellowing leaves, a foliar spray of 0.2% borax solution should be applied during the flooding season or early flowering stage.
In addition, it's advisable to reduce the amount of nitrogen-based fertilizers and increase the proportion of organic manure. Soil analysis has shown that nitrogen supply is often sufficient, so reducing synthetic nitrogen inputs while boosting organic matter can lead to better long-term soil health. During the bud stage, which marks a critical period of both vegetative and reproductive growth, proper fertilization is essential. For potassium-deficient soils, sandy soils, and hybrid rice fields, applying potassium fertilizers in spring can significantly boost yields. Fertilization should take place from late February to early March, with applications of 5 to 7.5 kg of urea or 10 to 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu, along with 150 to 200 kg of green manure ash. Watering after fertilization helps with weed control and nutrient absorption.
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