If farmers aim to boost the use of organic fertilizers, they can adopt several effective methods, including straw incorporation. This practice not only enhances soil fertility but also increases the organic matter content in the soil, improves its physical and chemical properties, and enriches potassium and phosphorus levels. Additionally, it promotes microbial activity and enzyme functions in the soil, leading to healthier and more productive farmland.
In recent years, techniques such as grass cover in early rice farming, no-tillage cultivation for late rice, and cover cropping with wheat, rapeseed, milk vetch, and other crops have gained popularity. These methods align well with modern agricultural practices while offering multiple benefits like moisture retention, temperature regulation, soil protection, and even grazing opportunities. They combine the advantages of organic fertilizers, biological films, and vegetation cover, making them both environmentally friendly and economically viable. This approach bridges traditional and modern agriculture, showing great potential for future development.
Developing green manure is another effective way to increase organic nitrogen sources and enrich soil with phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements. Green manure acts as a link between crop production and animal husbandry, as the nitrogen it contains is in the form of protein—essential for both humans and livestock. To maximize its value, green manure should be produced in a way that integrates grain, vegetable, and forage crops, ensuring higher economic returns and promoting its widespread use in agriculture.
The efficient utilization of farm and livestock manure has long been practiced in China. Traditional methods, such as the "four diligence" and the "eight has," reflect generations of accumulated knowledge on manure management. These time-tested techniques remain relevant today and should be further studied and promoted to improve their effectiveness in modern farming systems.
Since the 21st century, commodity organic fertilizers have become a significant part of the fertilizer industry. Refined organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers are now considered innovative solutions. As the demand for organic fertilizers grows, especially for producing high-quality, green food, these products will continue to evolve. They may eventually replace conventional fertilizers, with small amounts of inorganic components used to balance nutrient ratios and enhance the availability of nitrogen in organic materials. This ensures that organic fertilizers play a central role in sustainable agriculture.
The use of organic fertilizers represents a blend of traditional farming wisdom and modern scientific advancements. It reflects a continuous process of learning from the past while embracing new technologies. By recycling nutrients through organic fertilization, farmers can significantly improve soil health and achieve long-term sustainability in agricultural production.
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