If farmers aim to boost the use of organic fertilizer, they can implement several effective methods, including straw return. This practice not only enhances soil fertility but also improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, enriches its organic matter content, and supports better nutrient availability—especially for potassium and phosphorus. Additionally, it stimulates microbial activity and enzyme functions in the soil, contributing to long-term soil health.
In recent years, techniques like grass cover in early rice cultivation, no-tillage methods for late rice, and cover cropping with wheat, rapeseed, milk vetch, and other crops have become increasingly popular. These practices align well with modern agricultural needs while offering multiple benefits such as moisture retention, temperature regulation, soil protection, and even livestock grazing. They combine the advantages of organic fertilizers, biological films, and vegetation-based soil conservation, making them both traditional and modern in nature. Their versatility and effectiveness make them a promising approach for sustainable farming.
Developing green manure is another powerful way to increase organic nitrogen sources and enrich the soil with phosphorus, potassium, and essential micronutrients. Green manure acts as a bridge between crop production and animal husbandry, as it contains nitrogen in the form of protein, which can directly benefit both humans and animals. To fully leverage the potential of green manure, it's important to focus on producing it for grain, vegetable, and forage purposes, ensuring that it delivers strong economic returns and remains an integral part of agricultural systems.
The efficient use of farm and livestock manure has been practiced in China for centuries. Traditional knowledge, such as the "four diligence" and the "eight has," reflects generations of accumulated wisdom in manure management. These time-tested methods are still relevant today and should be studied and promoted further to enhance their impact. By integrating these traditional practices with modern science, we can ensure that manure continues to play a vital role in maintaining soil fertility and productivity.
Since the 21st century, the development of commercial organic fertilizers has introduced new options like refined organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers. As the demand for organic inputs grows, especially for producing green and organic food, these products are expected to evolve. Organic-inorganic compound fertilizers may eventually transition toward more purely organic forms, with small amounts of inorganic components used strategically to balance nutrients and enhance the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This shift will maximize the benefits of organic fertilizers in sustainable agriculture.
The application of organic fertilizer represents a blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific advancements. It embodies the relationship between heritage and innovation, and it offers an efficient way to recycle resources from agricultural and daily life processes. By managing and utilizing manure effectively, farmers can improve soil quality and achieve long-term agricultural sustainability.
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