In Xuwen County, chicken farming is predominantly small-scale and scattered, with very few large poultry farms. During the brooding period, many chicks die due to various factors. A survey was conducted in 861 households in Longtang Township, where a total of 1,983 chick nests were hatched, resulting in 23,786 chicks. However, only 14,649 survived for two months, leading to a mortality rate of 39%, with survival rates below 60%. The main causes of this high mortality are as follows:
First, the brooding equipment is rudimentary, and temperature control is inadequate. Many farmers rely on hens to hatch eggs without proper insulation or humidity control. They use simple materials like hens, cardboard boxes, or bamboo frames covered with plastic, which makes it difficult to maintain stable temperatures. Poor temperature management leads to dehydration, reduced growth, and increased susceptibility to diseases. Too cold can cause chills, while too hot can lead to heat stress, both of which contribute to high mortality.
Second, feeding practices are unbalanced and lack nutritional value. Farmers often feed chicks with rice, millet, or leftover food scraps, which do not meet the nutritional needs of growing chicks. This results in slow growth, weak immune systems, and vulnerability to diseases such as coccidiosis, tracheitis, and white muscle disease, all of which increase death rates.
Third, disease prevention is neglected. Small-scale farmers who raise a limited number of chickens often fail to implement timely preventive measures, leading to outbreaks and significant losses.
Fourth, external threats such as human disturbance, flooding, and rat attacks also contribute to chick deaths.
To address these issues, local authorities and community members implemented several strategies aimed at improving brooding conditions, enhancing nutrition, and strengthening disease prevention. These efforts have led to a remarkable improvement in chick survival rates.
First, maintaining an appropriate brooding temperature is essential. For the first three days, the temperature should be between 30–32°C, gradually decreasing over time. Monitoring the behavior of the chicks helps determine if the temperature is suitable. Healthy chicks are active, eat well, and have normal droppings, while stressed or sick chicks may show signs of discomfort.
Second, providing balanced nutrition is crucial. Chicks require high-quality feed that meets their specific dietary needs. Commercial chick feed or specially formulated diets should be used to ensure proper growth and development. Adding small amounts of vegetables and eggs can further improve their health.
Third, implementing effective disease prevention measures is vital. This includes disinfecting the brooding area regularly, using solutions like sodium hydroxide or disinfectants. Preventive treatments, such as adding antibiotics like furazolidone or tetracycline to feed or water, can help reduce the risk of infections like dermatophytosis and coccidiosis.
By adopting these improved practices, the survival rate of chicks has significantly increased. A follow-up survey of 120 households showed that the survival rate now exceeds 90%, demonstrating clear economic and social benefits. These methods are practical, cost-effective, and worth promoting in similar regions.
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