Weiyuan County, Yunnan Province: Microporous aeration technology for ponds
The micro-aeration technology of micro-aeration in ponds is a new aquaculture technology that has emerged in recent years. It can improve the ecological environment of ponds, increase the output of aquatic products, reduce energy consumption and feed costs, thereby increasing the breeding efficiency. It is a new type of fishery high-efficiency aeration technology recommended by the state, which is conducive to the promotion of ecological, healthy, high-quality and safe breeding.
The concept of aeration of microporous pipes:
Oxygenation in microporous pipes (filled oxygen at the bottom of the pond)
Aerators are used to aerate and aerate the water in ponds through micropore aerators and other facilities laid at the bottom of the pond to meet the oxygen requirements of pond-cultivated animals for dissolved oxygen in the water.
The Origin of Microporous Pipeline Oxygenation Technology
Microporous pipe oxygenation technology is developed from the inflated oxygen augmentation technology used in indoor factory high-density farming. At the beginning of this century, trial application in pond culture began. In recent years, shrimp and crab farms in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other regions have been extensively demonstrated.
Microporous pipe aeration technology working principle
The application of microporous aeration technology can greatly increase the overall dissolved oxygen level in the culture pond water. In particular, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the bottom water of aquaculture ponds eliminates the oxygen debt of the water body. Therefore, it has created a good ecological environment for improving the yield of farmed animals based on camp benthic life.
Microporous oxygen generation technology generates background
1. Increase in aquaculture costs and decline in overall benefits
There are two ways to reduce costs: one is to reduce the feed coefficient and improve feed utilization; the second is to reduce the number of deaths in aquaculture products.
2. Need for improvement of living conditions of cultured species
Ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and hydrogen sulfide at the bottom of the water body acted as an oxidizing agent and played an inhibitory role against pathogenic bacteria, activating the pond water quality, and maintaining the stability of pond water quality physicochemical factors. Microporous oxygen generation technology generates background
3. The need for efficient fishery development (specialty premium aquatic product breeding)
The good quality of water caused by high dissolved oxygen can not only increase the stocking density of cultured aquatic organisms, but also increase the aquaculture production, with an average yield of more than 20-30%. (The efficiency index of high-efficiency fishery is 2,000 yuan per mu.)
4. Aquatic product quality and safety
Improve aquaculture environmental conditions, increase the resistance of aquaculture animals, reduce the occurrence of diseases, reduce the use of drugs, and increase the quality and safety of aquatic products. The importance of dissolved oxygen study shows that dissolved oxygen status is an important factor affecting food intake and the digestibility of feed intake, as well as the growth rate and feed coefficient. Most aquaculture animals require that the dissolved oxygen in the water must be maintained above 5 mg/l to grow optimally. (In 24 hours, more than 16 hours must be more than 5 mg/L, and any other time should not be less than 3 mg/L.) The above studies showed that fish that died of hypoxia accounted for 60% of the total deaths. The fish's feed coefficient at 3 mg/l dissolved oxygen is double that at 4 mg/l. Fish in dissolved oxygen 7 mg/l grew 20% to 30% faster than fish grown in dissolved oxygen 4 mg/l, while the bait coefficient was 30% to 50% lower. When the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water reaches 4.5 mg/l or more, appetite enhancement of the fish is extremely evident. Grass carp grew at a rate of 9.88-fold higher than the 2.7-mg/l meat increase rate at 5.5 mg/l dissolved oxygen, and the feed coefficient decreased 5.5-fold.
The main features of microporous oxygenation
High-efficiency dissolved oxygen-activated water restoration of water body self-purification function Ultra-low energy consumption Eco-culture, guarantee breeding efficiency, safety, environmental protection and convenient maintenance
1, efficient dissolved oxygen
Due to the micro-bubbles generated by the ultra-fine pore aeration, the diameter of the micro-bubbles is less than 0.1 mm in diameter and the floating speed of the micro-bubbles is low. The longer the water is in contact with the water, the longer the vapor-liquid surface and the higher the transfer rate. In the water body, the contact surface with water is extremely large, the floating velocity is low, the contact time is long, and the mass transfer efficiency of oxygen is extremely high. Therefore, the oxygenation efficiency is high and the oxygenation effect is good.
2, activated water body
The aeration and aeration of micro-apertures is like turning a body of water into a river that flows slowly and slowly. Sufficient dissolved oxygen allows the body of water to establish a natural ecosystem and allow the water to live.
3, purification of water
The aeration and oxygenation of the micro-aeration tube is the oxygenation of the bottom of the water, and the other oxygenation is the oxygenation of the surface layer. The aquaculture water body is mainly rich in surface oxygen, and the bottom layer is lack of oxygen. The organic matter such as fertilizer mud, organic excrement, and remaining metamorphic bait that are deposited on the bottom of the water body will consume a lot of oxygen, and sufficient micropore aeration will increase oxygen, turning it into microorganisms to dissolve and decompose organic matter, making the water body self The purification function is restored. In the summer season, the daily change in temperature is small. The water density in the upper layer of the pond is low, the density of the lower layer is high, and the upper and lower layers of water cannot be mixed. The phenomenon of obvious cold and hot layers in the pond water is called thermodynamic layering. The stratification phenomenon produced by the pond water body is extremely unfavorable to the diffusion of oxygen from the air into the water body, which further reduces the oxygen capacity of the pond water, especially in the interstitial water at the bottom of the pond. After testing, the total amount of ammonia nitrogen in the pond will be The original 6 mg/L was reduced to 2 mg/L, the nitrite was reduced from the initial 8 mg/L to 2.5 mg/L, and the hydrogen sulfide content was almost zero.
4, reduce costs and increase efficiency
The underwater micropore aeration and aeration machine is equipped with a power of 0.1-0.15 kW/mu and a power efficiency of more than 5 kgO2/kwh. The use of micro-aeration tubes for aeration and oxygen increase the mass transfer efficiency of oxygen, resulting in dissolved oxygen per unit of water. Rapidly reaching about 4.5mg/L, less than one-fourth of the energy consumed by the waterwheel or impeller to increase oxygen consumption, can greatly save the farmers' electricity cost. Continuous microporous oxygenation provides sufficient dissolved oxygen for the water body. The ability of self-purification has been restored, the flora and algae have been naturally balanced, and the natural ecological balance system of the water body has been established. The viability of the breeding population has been steadily improved and the breeding efficiency has been fully protected.
5, safety and environmental protection
The micro-aeration tube oxygenation device is installed on the shore, which is easy to operate, easy to maintain, and has good safety performance and does not cause any pollution to the water body. Other methods of aeration are working in water and are prone to leakage, which is potentially harmful to the human body and fish and shrimp. It is particularly suitable for shrimp and crab breeding.
The main type of microporous oxygenation
1, multi-point microporous oxygen system (also known as short-type oxygen system) Structure: Supervisor - branch - microporous aeration tube.
Branch length should not exceed 50 meters. Features:
(1) There is a fixed joint connecting the microporous aeration pipe every 2-3 meters on the branch pipe;
(2) Microporous aeration tubes are short, generally 15-50cm.
Advantages: Use less micropipes, save the cost, easy to install.
Disadvantages: less aeration and large bubbles, similar to gas stone.
2. Bar-shaped microporous aeration system The long aerobic system consists of a long (usually 5-50 m) microporous oxygen aeration tube arranged at the bottom of a pond, fixed and connected to a flexible plastic branch pipe for gas transmission. Branches reconnect supervisors. The micropore aeration tube is required to be 10-15cm from the bottom of the tank and is horizontal or slightly higher than the intake end. After the blower is turned on, the air diffuses from the main pipe, the branch pipe, and the microporous aeration pipe to the water body to achieve oxygenation.
structure:
Shuangtang aeration pipeline is arranged in three levels:
Fan - Supervisor - Branch (soft) - Microporous aeration tube. Shan Tong is still a three-tier pipe network, but the supervisor only has one branch.
Many ponds are divided into four levels:
Fans - Supervisors - Branches - Connections (soft) - Microporous aerators.
3, disk-shaped microporous oxygen system round frame aerator production methods are two kinds:
(1) A round frame is first made of steel, plastic or bamboo. The size of the frame depends on the length of the microhole tube to be prepared. The length of the tube is generally 30-50 meters, and the diameter of the round frame is 1-1.5 meters. The tube is fixed in the frame, the inlet port is left in the round frame, the inlet is connected with the branch pipe, and the terminal port is sealed. Suspend the suspension into the bottom water and use it to pull it to the side when fishing.
(2) The microhole tube is coiled around a "cross-shaped" bamboo frame, such as a "cross" hanger, etc., which can be installed in the same manner as a film tray. Several plates per acre are appropriate, depending on the length of the micropipes on each plate and the actual needs of the aquaculture water. For example, if the length of the coil is 20 meters, the length of pipe is 60-80 meters per acre, then 3-4 plates are needed. .
Aeration process: fan or air compressor - supervisor - branch - connecting hose - microporous aeration tube in the round frame. This form of application in water depth ponds is obvious. Attentions to Installation and Arrangement of Microporous Aeration Systems
(1) Specification application problems: The condition and depth of the water body are not the same as the requirements for the diameter of the microporous tube, such as the open-air culture water body with water depth of 1.5-3 meters, and the microporous tube with outer diameter of 14mm and inner diameter of 10mm. The length of each pipe shall not exceed 50 meters. The factory-cultivated water body shall have a water depth of 3-4 meters. It shall have an outside diameter of 14-14.5mm, an inner diameter of 10mm microporous pipe, a pipe length of no more than 50 meters, and a water depth of 1.5 meters or less. On the water surface, use a micro-hole tube with an outer diameter of 17 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm. The tube length should not exceed 60 meters. The size of the internal diameter of the main pipe, branch pipe and connecting pipe depends on the size of the inner diameter of the pipe and the area of ​​oxygen added. Such as open-air aquaculture, double pond main diameter is generally 4-5cm, more than 5-6cm pond.
(2) It is more appropriate to consider many questions about the length of micro-aperture used per acre of water: the requirement of dissolved oxygen in water by the cultured objects, the status of dissolved oxygen in the water, and the unit of micro-holes in unit time under certain conditions. The amount of aeration and dissolved oxygen and so on. According to the estimates, about 40-70 meters long microtubules (inside and outside diameters of 10 and 14 mm) are required per mu of intensive ponds that are more than 1.5 meters deep. When the dissolved oxygen in the water is lower than 4mg/l, the boot aeration can be increased to more than 5mg/l in 2 hours.
(3) Determination of the average spacing of strip arrangement of micro-pipes: Example: A pond area of ​​4 acres, 100 meters long, 26.7 meters wide, the existing micro-hole tube 280 meters, lateral layout, tube length 20 meters, tube spacing It is 100 (28020) = 7.14 meters.
(4) Level adjustment of the pipe (10cm from the bottom of the pool)
1. After laying pipes in the clear pond, pipes are laid according to the horizontal line at the bottom of the pond;
2, in the pond when the water distribution, horizontal method using leveling, benchmarking fixed.
The depth of the pool is 1 meter. The aeration tube should be placed at a distance of 10cm from the bottom of the pool. It can also be said to be placed 90cm below the horizontal line. In this way, we can use two bamboo rods with a length of 1.2 meters or more to fix the microporous tubes to the bamboo rods. From the bottom up 30cm, and then up a mark at 90cm, and then two people grab a bamboo pole, the two sides of the pond to tighten the micro-hole pipe will be inserted into the bottom of the bamboo rod, until the mark As far as the level is concerned. If the depth of the pond is not on a horizontal line, the shallow side shall be used as the guideline.
(5) Selection and installation of fans
General Roots blower or air compressor. The power of the fan depends on the area of ​​the water surface, 15-20 acres (2-3 ponds) can be selected for 3kw, and 30-40 acres (5-6 ponds) can be selected for 5.5kw. Air compressor power should be larger. The fan should be installed in the middle of the main pipeline. To facilitate the connection of the main pipeline and reduce the heat and air pressure generated by the fan, an old oil barrel with only 2-3 joints can be installed at the outlet of the fan (no leakage can occur). Microporous pipe oxygen increase technology points:
1. Pond. The shape of aquaculture ponds is square or rectangular (2:1 aspect ratio), an area of ​​about 10 acres, a water depth of 1.5 to 2 meters, and a flat bottom.
2. Blower. Roots blower or stacked blower should be selected, and the outlet air pressure should not be lower than 3500 mmHg. Blower outlet Install a gas distributor or exhaust valve. In order to ensure the safety of production, two blowers are generally required to be used interchangeably.
3. Power configuration. The microporous pipe aeration facility is equipped with a power of 0.15 kW/acre-0.25 kW/acre. At the same time configure a 0.1 kW waterwheel aerator per acre.
4. Pipeline and installation. The main pipe is made of galvanized pipe or plastic (PVC) pipe. The diameter of the main pipe is 100 mm. It is buried in the soil. The main pipe and the aeration pipe are controlled by valves to facilitate the adjustment of the gas volume. Because the Roots blower outputs high-pressure air, the temperature is very high. Most farmers use galvanized pipes alternately with PVC pipes, which ensures safety and reduces costs. Inflatable pipelines are arranged unilaterally or in abundance, fixed with bamboo or stakes. Inflatable pipeline with 15 mm-20 mm diameter PVC pipe, pipe spacing 4 meters -6 meters, pore spacing 1 meter, hole diameter 0.4 mm -0.6 mm, pipe close to the bottom of the fixed; Inflatable tube with nanotubes, pipeline spacing of about 6 meters, pipeline 10 cm from the bottom of the pool.
5. How to use
Pre-culture: 10:00-12:00, 2:00- 4:00
In the middle and late period: Normally 10:00-12:00, 14:00- 6:00, 22:00-24:00, and 4:00-6:00 feeding feeds stop within 2 hours; waterwheel type oxygenation Machine open time 2:00-6:00. In case of typhoon, rainstorm and other special weather, the micro-pipe aeration and the waterwheel type air-entrainer are turned on at the same time, and the boot time is prolonged according to the water quality conditions.
6. Daily management of underwater aeration and oxygenation of microhole tube
(1) Always check for patrol ponds. If any malfunction or damage to the aeration facility is detected, repairs should be made immediately. (2) Test water quality, such as dissolved oxygen status, oxygenation effect, available dissolved oxygen meter regularly, and make records so that appropriate measures can be taken.
7. Maintenance of Microporous Oxygenator
(1) The micropipette device must not be exposed on the water surface, and it must not be close to the sediment; otherwise, it should be adjusted in time; (2) If the micropore tube aeration is found to be abnormal, it shall be overhauled in time; (3) The use of this micropore for the pond Oxygen regulators generally do not block for three months, such as blocking due to excessive adhesion of algae, pick up the sun for a day, gently shake down attachments, or use 20% detergent to soak for an hour and then clean, and then dry .
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