Application of New Technology for Increasing Production of Fruits and Vegetables
- Explain the new technology for increasing temperature and increasing production in greenhouses
Key words: greenhouse warmer straw bioreactor microbial carbon dioxide temperature
According to the traditional theory, the main "food" of plants such as fruits and vegetables is fertilizer, and it is necessary to increase the amount of fertilizer and improve the quality of fertilizers to achieve the increase in production. However, modern plant nutrition theory holds that plants do not grow up by eating fertilizer, but grow up by eating carbon dioxide, water and light. Fertilizer is not the “grain†of crops. It only provides some of the mineral elements needed for crop growth; instead, Without carbon dioxide, water, light, and mineral elements, plants die of hunger. According to this theory, the ways to increase crop yield and quality are changed to: increase CO2 concentration, improve water condition, optimize fertilizer structure, and reasonably adjust the time and intensity of light to achieve.
On this basis, there has emerged the use of microbiological engineering technology to promote the greenhouse temperature, heat preservation, high-yield technology, and is popularly known as the "greenhouse biological warming technology", because the technology is mainly the use of crop straw to make reactors, through biological reactions Carbon dioxide, heat, mineral elements, disease-resistant spores, etc. are obtained, so this technology was also called "straw bioreactor technology" in the early days. This technology has combined the microbiology engineering theory with the theory of crop yield increase to the extreme.
First, greenhouse biological warming technology
The greenhouse biological warming technology is based on four major innovation theories (vegetation hunger theory, plant biological control theory, leaf active and passive absorption theory, and the theory of recycling of mineral elements in straw), using bio-engineering technology, crop stalks, livestock and poultry manure Such as the transformation of the gas needed for crops carbon dioxide, heat, biological control of disease spores, mineral elements, organic matter, etc., and then access to high-yield, high-quality, pollution-free agricultural products, process facilities and technology.
(I) Theory of plant hunger
To study the science of plants in the state of starvation theory, individual growth and development of mentality and the law of manifestations of the state of mind, the abbreviation of plant starvation theory, generally considered that the following symptoms are caused by hunger: in the absence of pests and diseases, the normal fall, bud, drop, Fruit deformity, rough surface, uneven fruit size, uneven coloration, low sugar content, late ripening, premature aging, lodging. Lunch breaks, fruit size, annual fruiting phenomenon; main stem fine, internodes long, fruit set, high node, thin and thin foliage, weak growth, poor resistance and other phenomena. The main causes of the plant's liberation are: 1. Limitations of scientific research. It is widely believed that fertilizer is the food of crops. It is not recognized that carbon dioxide is the food of crops and no key points are found. 2. Overemphasizing the use of chemical fertilizers and ignoring the use of organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers. 3. The lack of basic knowledge on what constitutes the plant's production and the process of its formation: The key to improving production and quality is erroneously considered to be fertilizer and water, ignoring factors such as carbon dioxide that play a major role. Straw bioreactors made from warming agents in the greenhouse can quickly and steadily increase the carbon dioxide concentration by 4 to 6 times, so that the plants are no longer in starvation state, and the purpose of high yield and harvest of the crops can be achieved.
(b) Theory of leaf passive absorption
The survival of plants is achieved through the absorption of carbon dioxide by the leaves, the absorption of water and mineral elements by the roots, and finally by the synthesis of organic matter in the leaves. There are two ways to absorb carbon dioxide: passive absorption and active absorption. A built-in straw bioreactor was developed based on the characteristics of active plant leaf absorption. An external straw bioreactor was also developed based on the passive absorption of leaves. Through the production of built-in or external biological reactors, it can greatly increase the concentration of carbon dioxide, increase the temperature and temperature of the ground, and promote the increase of crop yield. For example, Gumbaum greenhouse warmers are typically built-in bioreactors that use microbiological technology to convert crop straw into carbon dioxide and heat needed for crops.
(3) Plant Bio-control Theory
The theory of plant bio-control consists of two main contents: 1. One plant has bio-control effect on another; 2. The bacteria treat bacteria and bacteria. The straw bioreactor is based on bacteria treatment and bacteria treatment. The mechanism of this function in the straw bioreactor is: 1. Parasites and infections—into the organism or cells; 2. Metabolites (such as enzymes, organic acids, etc.) that are metabolized by microbial activities have inhibitory and antagonistic effects on another pest. Role; For example, after using greenhouses warming agent in greenhouses, microorganisms in ginbe can produce enzymes, organic acids and other substances through their own reproductive growth, decomposition of crop stalks, livestock and poultry manure and other life activities, inhibiting the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. Good for preventing crops from getting sick.
(4) Theory of recycling and reuse of mineral elements in straw
Studies have shown that: All agricultural production increase measures, in the final analysis, are to improve the photosynthetic performance of crops; photosynthesis of plants is to absorb carbon dioxide gas through the leaves, absorb mineral elements in roots, synthesize organic substances in leaves, and release oxygen under the action of light. Organic matter will be transported to various organs in the absence of light, eventually forming roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and so on. People generally eat their fruits, and the rest are straw, shells, peels, etc. These are carbon dioxide, water and a small amount of mineral synthesis, through our straw reactor and then add certain microorganisms, catalysts, etc. In the case of oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, heat, and mineral elements can be regenerated. At the same time, a large amount of spores resistant to pests and diseases can be released to provide crop growth and development, and can effectively resist diseases and insect pests, and increase crop yield and quality. At the same time, it also solved the problem of crop straw waste utilization. Such as the use of greenhouse warmers in greenhouses, microbial microorganisms in the golden treasure will be divided into carbon dioxide, water, heat and mineral elements such as crop straw, livestock manure and other agricultural waste, carbon dioxide as a plant food is absorbed by greenhouse crops, water Regeneration can save more than 20% of irrigation water, the heat generated can increase the ground temperature by 4-6 degrees in the winter, increase the air temperature in the greenhouse by 3-5 degrees, and decompose and release the mineral elements. It can save more than 80% of chemical fertilizers, or even completely replace it. fertilizer.
The use of straw bioreactors can produce four major effects, which can effectively improve crop starvation, increase crop resistance to diseases and insect pests, increase crop yields, and improve product quality. The specific effects are: 1. Carbon dioxide effects: Through straw bioreactor technology, The concentration of carbon dioxide in a certain area of ​​greenhouse increases 4-6 times, and the photosynthetic efficiency increases by more than 50%. Reduce transpiration and increase water use efficiency by 75%-300%. 2. Temperature effect: The prevention of land freezing can increase the ground temperature of 20 centimeters by 4-6 degrees, promote the early germination, development and fruit production of fruits and vegetables and crops, and prolong the growth period of about 30 days. 3, biological control effect: can effectively reduce the amount of pesticides more than 60%, or even completely without drugs, pollution-free effect is significant. 4. Organically improved soil and alternative fertilizer effects. Using straw bioreactors to grow fruits and vegetables can significantly improve and improve soil organic matter, humus, microflora, granule structure, aeration, and maintain fertilizer and water retention capacity. Significantly reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used, long-term use, you can not apply chemical fertilizers.
Second, how to make bio-temperature, insulation greenhouses
The above text is a brief introduction to the new technology of "straw biological reactor", mainly to introduce its theoretical knowledge. Here we combine the microorganisms of Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Science and Technology Co., Ltd. which have a wide application and good user response in the market. Fermentation agent "Goldbom greenhouse warming agent" to give examples to explain in detail how to skillfully make straw bioreactor, in order to achieve an overall increase in planting efficiency.
The main reason why the gold baby greenhouse warming agent is called the greenhouse warming agent rather than the straw bioreactor auxiliaries is: compared with the traditional winter heating and thermal insulation methods for greenhouses, whether it is operability, economical practicality or environmental protection To be good, traditional heating methods such as electric heating, hot air oven heating and other methods only heat the air, and then heating the soil through the air, this heating method is less effective, and waste of energy; and using straw bioreactor produced by the warming agent of Ginpa greenhouse The mechanism of warming and heat preservation in greenhouses is to use microorganisms to decompose straw, livestock manure and other processes to generate heat and produce gas. The heat generated firstly increases the temperature of the ground and raises the temperature of the soil, and can heat the air in reverse; and the carbon dioxide and other gases produced by the biological reactors The temperature itself is not low. From the time the underground straw reactor escapes from the greenhouse, it is heated by the ground temperature and directly raises the temperature. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary for the greenhouse to be warmed by the warming agent made of Ginwa greenhouses. The advantage of this product is the name of "Goldbeard greenhouse warming agent"
The golden treasure greenhouse warming agent adopts the latest international microbiological engineering technology to fully utilize the fermentation and decomposition of functional microbes, converting the straw into organic and inorganic nutrients, temperature and heat, and carbon dioxide needed for the crop, and at the same time, producing relevant biological disease-resistant and disease-resistant effects. Finally, a new type of bioengineering technology product with high production, high quality and pollution-free agricultural products. It is one of the few straw bioreactors on the market, and it is of low quality and cost. The addition of a warming agent to the Styrofoam greenhouse in the straw material allows for the large and rapid proliferation of functional microorganisms. Microorganisms can produce a large amount of heat, carbon dioxide, enzymes, and various other metabolites during the process of fermentation decomposition. The supply of carbon dioxide is sufficient, and the temperature and ground temperature are greatly increased, which contributes to the smooth growth and development of crops under adverse environmental conditions such as low temperatures; the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms, various enzymes and other disease-resistant factors formed in the course of biochemical reactions make crops resistant to diseases. The capacity is greatly enhanced, which can save more than 70% of the cost of pesticides; straws produce a large number of organic and inorganic nutrients after maturity, so that the soil is rich in nutrients and fertility, so that the crop grows robustly and can save more than half of the amount of fertilizer; due to chemical fertilizers and pesticides The quantity is greatly reduced, which can significantly improve the quality of fruits and vegetables. The appearance and taste are significantly improved. The selling price is good, the commodity rate is high, and the economic benefits are significant. The operation steps of using Goldbey greenhouses to warm the fermentation aids are as follows:
1. Soil preparation and fertilization: remove field stubbles 15-20 days before planting, and deep-rotate flat stubble; fine-quality decomposed farmyard fertilizers (such as chickens, cattle, horses, sheep and other livestock excrement) 3-4 square centimeters per mu , After mixing with 70% of compound fertilizer and chemical fertilizer dosage, spread spatula evenly.
2. Standards for width and trenching: After fertilization for soil preparation, the width of 1.2-1.3 meters in width shall be crossed, and 40 centimeters wide in the middle and 30 centimeters in depth shall be used. The soil to be excavated shall be placed on both sides.
3, the preparation and dosage of gold bacterium strain (fermentation agent): about 4 kg (4 bags) of Jinbao starter per mu, 40 kg of wheat bran or rice bran, (about 3 kg of 60m 7m shed, wheat bran Or rice bran 30 kilograms, the newer the better.) One kilogram of bacteria mixed with 10 kilograms of rice bran mix evenly, add about 8 kilograms of water and mix evenly. Can also be mixed with bacteria at 20-25 °C, stuffing 12-24 hours. (The standard for adding water and humidity is to use hand-held material with good material. It is not appropriate for fingers to see drops of water and not be dripping water).
4. Put in straw and fermentation bacterium agent: Place the prepared corn stalk flatly in the ditch, and after the compaction, keep the level of the ditch along the same line; after the stalk is put down, use 2% urea solution to spray the wet surface stalk and then mix it. A good fermentation bacterium was evenly spread on the stalks, beaten with iron milling, and properly vibrated so that part of the bacterium was falling within the stalk layer. It is recommended that with the input of fertilizers, 1 to 2 squares of cooked chicken manure (or other livestock manure) mixed with the remaining 30% of fertilizer compound fertilizer per acre, the top of the fungicide can increase fertility, extend the fertilizer effect for more than 1 year. The effect is better. This fertilizer can also be used to stratify the middle of the straw, but it does not need to use too much.
5. Cover soil and irrigation: After the straw, fungicide and fertilizer are applied, cover the soil and cover 90% of the excavated soil onto the stalk. Make sure that the stalks are not exposed and that the thickness of the cover soil is about 20 cm. Gao Yan. The remaining 10% of the soil can be made slightly higher in the channel to facilitate aisle and watering. About 10 days before the planting, the plants were watered and the straw was thoroughly drenched. After 2-3 days of watering, reconstruct the noodles and prepare for planting.
6. Colonization and drilling: When planting, open the ditch or dig a hole to plant the seedlings at the distance of 5-10 cm from the ditch. Before the planting, plant the fertilizer (biofertilizer), fungicides, insecticides, and plant the ditch, and drench it. Planting water. Immediately after planting, drill a hole in the return pile. Use 3 cm thick tipped wood brazing or steel brazing to drill holes. The depth of the hole is about 15 cm to penetrate the straw layer obliquely. The purpose is to Good ventilation and release of carbon dioxide.
According to years of experiments and feedback from users, the use of warming agent in greenhouses to produce straw bioreactors to grow fruits and vegetables, etc., can increase production by an average of 30% to 50% per acre, with an input-output ratio of up to 1:20 or higher; Fruits and vegetables can increase the sweetness of the fruit, brighten the skin color, greatly improve the product quality, and increase the product rate. Of course, when straw bioreactors are used to grow fruits and vegetables, it is also necessary to pay attention to maintenance and management. Take the built-in reactor as an example: First, the soil on the reactor stalk should not be too thick when it is planted, and the depth should not exceed 20 cm. Planting seedlings, the root from the straw layer 5-6cm is appropriate. Secondly, after pouring the first two times of water, the number of times of watering in the whole winter should be reduced by 1~2 times than that of conventional watering, and the sunny pouring should be controlled. The pouring of noon (9:00 am - 2:00 pm) should be done without late pouring. Pouring is not a small amount of water, usually 20 to 25 days once. Third, when topdressing with chemical fertilizers, the amount of each fertilizer is reduced by more than 60%, and urea is the main factor before fruit setting, and can be used in combination with N, P, and K fertilizers.
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