Experts pointed out that the main cause of malformed strawberry fruit formation is poor pollination, but its degree of severity is related to the following factors:
First, varieties. Fertility of the varieties themselves is not high, stamens are stunted, and male and female organ cultures are inconsistent, resulting in incomplete pollination and malformation. Such as Dana and other varieties, prone to stamen short, long pistil phenomenon, small and small pollen grains, germination power is poor, so prone to malformation.
Second, visiting flower insects. In the protected areas, there are few bee pollinators, or due to environmental influences, the sugar content of the nectar in flowers is low, and insect pollination cannot be attracted and pollination is poor.
Third, temperature and humidity. High temperature, low temperature or high humidity can cause malformation. Flowering pollination period, the temperature is too low pollen development, the temperature can cause the receptacle to become dark, high humidity will affect the anther cracking, and easy to form droplets wash the stigma.
Fourth, flower spray. Spraying during flowering can wash the stigma. In particular, flowers that bloom on the day are more serious, which not only hinders pollination, but also prevents insects from spreading pollen, resulting in increased malformation rate.
At present, the following measures can be taken to prevent strawberry deformity in production:
First, select the appropriate species. Among the varieties of Lihong, Chunxiang, Baojiaoshengsheng and Hongyi, it is best to pay for the early birth of Bao. Pollinating varieties may be selected from the mixture of spring pollens with a large amount of pollen and the main cultivars.
Second, beehive apiculture. The strawberries cultivated in protected areas have an early flowering period, and there are few natural flowering insects in the early stage, so it is better to store bees in the shed. About 5,000 per standard shed, the pollination rate can reach 100%. The bee time is from 8 to 9 am and from 3 to 4 pm.
Third, control the temperature and humidity. Flowering and fruit setting period should always ventilate and cool down. The daytime temperature is generally maintained at 20 °C ~ 28 °C, kept at 6 °C ~ 7 °C at night, relative humidity controlled at 90% or less. A drip-free membrane shed is used to prevent water droplets from eroding the stigma.
Fourth, thin flowers, fruits and vegetables. Sparse secondary flowers and deformed small fruit can significantly reduce the rate of malformed fruit, and is conducive to the concentration of nutrients, increase the weight of single fruit or fruit quality.
Fifth, reduce medication. The use of virus-free seedlings, plastic film cover and other agricultural measures, try not to use drugs or reduce medication. Severe pests should be used before or after flowering. Flowering is strictly prohibited during the flowering period. If necessary, the beehive can be removed and treated with a smoke agent.
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