Q: What are the main application methods of field crops for field crops? What are the criteria for measuring the quality of the method?
Answer: The fertilization methods for field crops include mainly planting, axillary, and spraying, which vary according to the characteristics of the root system of the crop. A good fertilization method should not only harm the crops, prevent fertilizer losses, but also meet the needs of crops in a timely manner or continuously, and increase the efficiency of fertilizer use. Basal fertilizers are mainly organic fertilizers. Fertilizers applied before or during planting are closely related to soil preparation and planting or planting due to the large amount of fertilizers applied. Therefore, specific fertilization methods must also take into consideration the requirements for site preparation, planting and irrigation.
Q: What fertilization method should be used for rice basal fertilization?
A: Rice basal fertilizer generally refers to the fertilizer applied in combination with soil preparation prior to transplanting. The specific methods are different in North and South. The northern paddy fields are generally winter-free. In autumn or spring, organic fertilizers and a portion of chemical fertilizers can be sprinkled on the fields. The fertilizers can be turned into deep soil by deep-settling the soil, and the rest of the fertilizers can be spread before soaking in the fields. Tillage and leveling board (commonly known as "water leveling"). This method of fertilization is equivalent to full-layer fertilization, and sufficient nutrients can be obtained in the early and middle and late stages of crops, resulting in a significant increase in fertilizer utilization. It is also possible to spread the fertilizer on the field surface after the depression, and to achieve the compatibility of soil and fertilizer through water leveling. The main advantage of this method is that it can promote the early growth of crops, but due to the shallow depth of fertilization, it should be noted whether there will be defertilization in the later period.
The situation of rice fields in the south is more complicated. If it is winter and field, full-layer fertilization can also be used; or the former can be harvested in a timely manner after harvesting, combined with basal fertilization and ploughing once more, and the field can be filled with water several days later. Leveling and transplanting seedlings; if it is overturning green fertilizer, it is necessary to overturn in the growth of green manure, suitable for drying after pressure, and 10 to 15 days for plowing in the field. If the fertilizer is supplemented with green manure, it should be done when the manure is turned over. If it is rape, wheat and other overwintering crops after the paddy fields, especially the double cropping paddy fields in the third cropping field (commonly known as small spring field), because it is too late to plough the soil for grab plugs, can add organic fertilizer in the former, this recipe only combined with shallow Tillage application of appropriate fertilizer, or no tillage and transplanting after chemical fertilizer.
Q: What fertilization method should be used for wheat basal fertilization?
Answer: Wheat is a closely planted crop, and northern winter wheat often encounters drought when sown, so fertilization must be combined with drought protection and fine soil preparation. For irrigated winter wheat, it should be properly watered before the harvest of the previous crop for the first week. Before harvesting, it is time to apply organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. When it is appropriate, it should be immediately deep-rooted and soiled. For dryland winter wheat, after each rainfall in the rainy season, if it is in front of the fall, it is necessary to relax the soil in time and not to turn over the ground in order to receive the rainwater; if it is planted in front of the land, it is necessary to lightly plow or rake the land and rain and protect the land in time. After the rainy season, basal fertilizers are used in combination with deep-sloped soil preparation; if severe drought occurs, basal fertilizers and sowing must be used for robbing, combined with repression and mulching, and film-covering and mulching; for rice buckwheat, the “three channels†(valley and waist) are to be excavated and cleaned up. The ditch and gutter will reduce the groundwater level, and during the proper tillage period, the fertilization materials will be spread and the soil will be ploughed.
Spring wheat is often top-seeded and it is difficult to deepen the soil preparation. It is necessary to apply organic fertilizer by means of application after the autumn harvest in the previous year. If it is applied in the spring, it can be combined with mechanical sowing to apply appropriate quantitative fertilizer on the deep side.
Q: What fertilization method should be used for corn fertilization?
Answer: Corn is a medium-tillage crop, divided into spring corn and summer maize, with a planting density of 3,000 to 5,000 plants/mu. Because of the seasons, there are different requirements for fertilization methods. Spring maize can be combined with early autumn tills to kill the earthworms after the harvest in the previous year, or combined with early spring tillage. Fertilization method According to the amount of fertilization, it can be spread, applied or applied. The application of ridges and ridges helps to increase the soil temperature; in mountainous and hilly areas, deep plowing or deep plowing can be combined with local plots to concentrate fertilization. In order to achieve the combination of land use and maintenance, it can be plowed once every 2 to 3 years on the basis of less tillage or no-tillage, and the depth is generally 16 to 20 cm.
Summer maize must be sown at the time of harvest. According to agricultural and labor arrangements, it is possible to plow 10-12 cm deep, spread base fertilizer in the trenches, and plant seedlings along the ridge; or after rotary tillage and shallow plowing of the disc harrow, deepen along with the planting side. fertilizer. If straw is returned before sowing, regardless of spring corn or summer corn, an additional 3 to 5 kilograms of urea or 10 to 15 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate should be added per acre to adjust the carbon and nitrogen ratio of straw and accelerate decay.
Q: How do sweet potato apply base fertilizer? Can the fertilizer be in direct contact with the seedlings?
Answer: Sweet potato has a large amount of fertilizer, and the amount of basal fertilizer generally accounts for 60% to 80% of the total amount of fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is also the main ingredient. Therefore, applying sufficient basal fertilizer is the key measure for sweet potato fertilization. Since sweet potatoes are mostly transplanted from big ridge nursery, the application amount of organic fertilizer is as high as 3,000 to 5,000 kilograms per mu. More than half (including chemical fertilizers) of basal fertilizer can be applied to the bottom layer when deep plowing, and the rest of basal fertilizers are concentrated on ridges during ridging. The bottom or the hole when planting. Whether it is a ditch or a hole, organic manure must be thoroughly cooked and thoroughly mixed with the soil or fertilized and then backfilled with thin layer of fine soil. Pay attention not to make the transplanting seedlings in direct contact with organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, otherwise it may cause local damage to the transplanted seedlings or potato chips and affect the commodity value of the harvested products.
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