Disinfection is the most common work in pig farms. It has been said that if the disinfection costs on the farm are the first to be paid on the farm (there is vaccine, prevention, treatment), then the farm must be excellent. This shows that the role of disinfection is very large, but production often also spends disinfectant drug costs, but it does not achieve the desired results; Let's talk about the details of disinfection.
1 Conditions for the occurrence of infectious diseases
Infectious diseases are the most dangerous diseases in pig farms. Infectious diseases must meet the following conditions. First, the source of infection is animals and people with bacteria, viruses, and parasites; the second is the route of transmission, and the route of transmission is the departure of pathogens from the source of infection. After that, it will enter the path and mode that another susceptible person has gone through. The third is susceptible herds. A susceptible herd is a herd with higher sensitivity to the pathogen of an infectious disease. When they are attacked by a pathogen, It is susceptible to the onset of infection, that is, herds that are not immune to the pathogen; specifically, non-resistant pigs, pigs in stress, pigs in disease state.
2 What is the role of disinfection?
To put it directly, the role of disinfection is to kill pathogens. There are bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. Elimination of the source of infection and the route of transmission means that infectious diseases will not occur. In addition, some of the pathogens are brought in from the outside, and some are pigs in the field. Once the resistance of the pigs is reduced, the number of pathogens will reach a certain level, it will also cause the onset of infectious diseases; so disinfection is not only aimed at People and vehicles on the field, but also often disinfection in the venue, the house, so that the number of pathogens to reduce the extent of the disease.
3 Reproduction of pathogens
The rate of reproduction of pathogens is very fast. According to information, the breeding of E. coli is divided once every twenty minutes. If it continues to divide, it will be able to multiply 47.226665 million after 24 hours (that is, day and night). Billion, with a weight of 4722 tons; disinfection is to provide no conditions for the propagation of pathogens and completely eliminate pathogens.
4 Ways of disinfection
We believe that as long as the work can reduce the pathogen can be classified as disinfection, so that cleaning is a sanitization, flushing the shed is a disinfection, wall or rail spray paint is also sterilized. The disinfection methods commonly used on pig farms are as follows: (1) Immersion disinfection: Immersing the objects to be sterilized in a disinfectant solution. This method is completely disinfected, such as surgical instruments; the wheel is used to disinfect the tank when entering the premises. Foot disinfection basins, and disinfectant washing hands, etc., are all immersed disinfection. (2) Spray disinfection: This is the most used type of pig farm, used for air, ground, walls, cages, etc. It has a large disinfection area, high speed, and a wide range of disinfection; there are pesticide spraying machines and electric washing machines. (3) Fumigation: Generally, formaldehyde and potassium permanganate are used to release formaldehyde gas and play a role in disinfection. This method is used for gaps and air that are difficult to be disinfected by other disinfection methods and is an effective supplement for other disinfection methods. (4) Ultraviolet Disinfection: Ultraviolet rays can damage cells and kill bacteria and viruses. It has the best effect on the surface of the object and pathogens in the air. (5) Cooking disinfection: The use of high temperature of water or gas can degenerate the pathogen's tissue and play a role in killing bacteria or viruses.
5 disinfection precautions
5.1 Disinfection takes time
Under normal circumstances, when high-temperature disinfection, most pathogens can be killed at 60°C, but the temperature of petrol torches reaches several hundred degrees. The flame of a torch blows away and will not kill pathogens because it is too short. Cooking disinfection: The pathogen can be killed 30 minutes after the water is opened. Ultraviolet irradiation: must reach five minutes or more.
Note: The time mentioned here is not simply the time used for disinfection, but more importantly, the effective time for contact between pathogens and disinfectants; because pathogens are often attached to other substances or in the middle, the contact between disinfectants and pathogens needs to penetrate first, and penetration It takes time, sometimes it will take a long time. This we can put a piece of dry feces into the water and see how long it will take to soak.
5.2 Sterilization requires contact between drugs and pathogens
Disinfection in the delivery room does not kill the pathogen of the nursery. Similarly, in the delivery room, pathogens that cannot be sprayed by the disinfectant will not be killed. If the ground is sterilized, if there is a thick layer of feces on the ground, the disinfection will be performed. The medicine can only kill the top pathogen, but the pathogen in the deep layer of the feces will not be killed because the disinfectant has not been in contact with the pathogen. We require the pighouse to be cleaned and rinsed before it is sterilized, in order to reduce the impact of other factors.
5.3 Sterilization requires sufficient dose
Disinfectants often destroy themselves while killing pathogens. A disinfectant molecule may kill only one pathogen. If a disinfectant molecule encounters five pathogens, the best disinfectant will not work well. The amount of disinfectant used is generally 1 liter of liquid per square meter area; it is not counted in the production, but only when the disinfectant is sprayed completely, the ground will dry immediately after the person walks. The disinfecting effect is poor because the disinfectant cannot come into contact with pathogens that are covered in deep layers.
5.4 Disinfection needs no interference
Many disinfectants encounter organic matter and they will fail. If these disinfectants are used in a disinfection tank, some sawdust will be placed in the pool. As a means of disinfecting the soles, the effect will not be good.
5.5 Sterilization requires drugs to be sensitive to pathogens
Not every kind of disinfectant is effective for all pathogens, but it is targeted. Therefore, when disinfectants are used, it is also a goal. For example, when the prevention of foot-and-mouth disease, iodine preparations are effective, and when colds are prevented, peracetic acid may be In the case of infectious gastroenteritis, high temperatures and UV light may be more practical.
Note: There isn't any kind of disinfectant that can kill all the pathogens. Even if we think that the most reliable heat sterilization, there are also high-temperature bacteria that will not be destroyed. This requires that when we use the disinfectant, it should be replaced frequently, so as to achieve the best results.
5.6 disinfection requirements
For example, fibrinogen is a good disinfectant, but if the pathogen is placed on a dry fiery alkali, the pathogen will not die. Only the alkali dissolved in water will become disinfectant after being dissolved in water. The same is true for quicklime. Formalin fumigation must be accompanied by three conditions: First, enough time, more than 24 hours, need to be tightly closed; the second is the need for temperature, must reach 15 °C above; Third, there must be sufficient humidity, preferably 85% the above. If the conditions required for sterilization are not satisfied, the effect will not be satisfactory; a farm will fumigate the clothing of the entering staff and make a disinfection cabinet. However, due to the unsatisfactory design, the disinfection cabinet is too large to enter the house. They were placed outside the house; disinfection was not a problem in summer and autumn, but in the winter, they were still fumigated outside the house. This effect was very poor. In addition to entering the disinfection pool, only routinely putting water and caustic soda into it, and not mixing, it takes a long time to dissolve the alkali by itself. The effect of freshly disinfected water is not certain.
6 Problems with disinfection
6.1 Light disinfection
The penetrating power of ultraviolet rays is very weak, a sheet of paper can block it, and the cloth can also block the ultraviolet rays; therefore, light disinfection can only act on the surface of people and objects, and the deep part cannot be disinfected; another problem is that Only the places irradiated by ultraviolet rays can be disinfected. If the disinfection room only has a lamp on the top of the head, then only the head and shoulders will be completely disinfected and the disinfection effect of other parts will be poor. So don't think that you can relax your vigilance with UV lamp disinfection.
6.2 High temperature sterilization
The lack of time is a common phenomenon, especially when using a flame torch to disinfect the body, the pathogen or pathogen-attached object has not yet reached a sufficient temperature, and the pathogen is not likely to die soon; this is why it is necessary to retort. Reason for more than 20-30 minutes.
6.3 Spray disinfection
Insufficient dose, when you see the ground and walls have dried after spraying, that is to say that the amount of disinfection is not enough; a farm requirements, the ground can not be dry within one minute after the spray disinfection, the wall to flow to show disinfection effect.
It is related to whether the disinfection of the delivery room should be the same as this, because the delivery room is the most afraid of moisture; I personally think that the disinfection of the delivery room should also meet this standard, because the humidity caused by one disinfection is temporary, and it will dry after a while. Short-term moisture is not harmful to the piglets; on the other hand, such disinfection methods cannot be too frequent. It is not appropriate to use such disinfection in both days and days. If it is really necessary to increase the number of sterilizations, it can be done once a week. Thoroughly sterilize, other sterilizers use a simple form, and require less, such as can be disinfected with an ordinary sprayer.
6.4 Fumigation, strict sealing
Formaldehyde is a colorless gas, which cannot be seen if there is a leak in the pigsty. This leads to leakage when the pighouse is fumigated and cannot be found. Although formaldehyde is heavier than air, if there is a leak in the pigsty, the formaldehyde gas Inevitably running out of a leaky place, the required concentration of disinfection will be insufficient; if the disinfection time is over, entering the pig house does not have a smell of blowing nose, and the eyes do not have a feeling of green, indicating that there must be a place to run.
7 How to Disinfect
The normal disinfection must be divided into three steps: clearing, flushing, and spraying. If it is emptying, it needs to add two links: smoke and air.
(1) Ching: Ching refers to cleanup, which removes dirt; because pathogens need an environment to survive, bacteria need to attach to other substances, and viruses must adhere to living cells to survive. Cleanup is the substance that attaches pathogens to survival. After cleaning up, the pathogens were cleared out of the pig house. If you do not clean up, there will be three consequences. First, due to insufficient doses of disinfecting drugs so that disinfection is not complete, the second is to increase the disinfection costs, and the third is to increase the humidity within the premises, these three consequences are not what we want to see. (2) Chong: It is flushing. It is to clean up the remaining dirt and wash it away with water. When a pig-raising master introduces experience, he says that they sterilize the gilt to go to bed as if to give a person a bath. When the pig is dirty, sometimes Wash powder, etc. will be used to ensure thorough flushing and never allow a bit of dirt to be brought into the delivery room. (3) Spraying: that is, spray or alcohol spray; there is a spray disinfection here, because although we use clearing and flushing methods to clean out the dirt from piggery, it cannot generally be done thoroughly, especially when it is raised on the ground. Spray disinfectants use more doses and speeds, and the equipment is also easy to purchase; surface spray disinfection equipment, or the price is too high, or too slow, it is difficult to use in large-scale pig farms. Spray disinfection is only suitable for use in maternity or nursing homes where disinfection is frequent and where humidity control is required. (4) Smoke: Fumigation, generally using formaldehyde fumigation, as mentioned earlier. (5) Empty: This is a disinfecting method that is neglected by people; empty means that the pig house becomes dry and has experienced the pathogens of clearing, flushing, elimination, and smoking. It is in a very uncomfortable environment and will soon die; The more important role of air is to make the pig house drier. The harm of wetness to the pig is quite large, as we discussed earlier. I dare to say that if the pighouse can be idle for a week before entering the pig, many problems in the group will be easily solved.
The above five steps are understood by people, but the key is whether they can be put in place. There is no good effect if the best measures are not implemented. Below we will talk about common vulnerabilities in the disinfection process.
8 disinfection details
8.1 Disinfection of piglet planks in the delivery room
Insulation boxes in the delivery room generally use wooden backings. Because wood is soft and there are gaps, disinfection of the general cleansing and flushing is often not thorough, because the pathogen may have penetrated into the loose wood; therefore, we recommend the use of soaking for disinfection of the wood. Disinfection method; in the farm to build a soaking pool corresponding to the area of ​​the wood, after cleaning the board, put in 5% of the fire alkali soak for more than half an hour, so that the fire alkali water infiltration into the wood inside, you can inside The pathogen kills.
8.2 Disinfection of crevices in delivery rooms and nursery cast iron plates
Many delivery rooms and nursery homes use cast iron slatted floors; this method has a disadvantage in that it is difficult to flush the gap between the board and the board, and the normal flushing is not complete; the board needs to be lifted up, rinsed and then put away. . However, in doing so, one has increased the workload of the employees; both, if they do not pay attention when they work, it is easy to drop people from their beds and the operators are daunted. I think that although it will increase the workload, it may also cause employees to be injured. However, if we do not implement it resolutely, it is equivalent to incomplete disinfection. We have all heard the story of “Five Steps to Smile and Steps,†and the disinfection is not complete or not. The difference in disinfection is just a matter of quantity, and the nature is the same. In response to this problem, we can use the method of increasing wages to stimulate the enthusiasm of employees, and we can also arrange for the clearing of rinsing personnel on the farms. This problem will be solved accordingly.
8.3 Disinfection of personnel entering the field
Disinfection of entering personnel is an important means to prevent the admission of diseases, especially personnel returning from other fields, personnel who have contacted other pig farm personnel, outside visiting personnel, newly recruited employees, etc. Contact with pig farm personnel, it is inevitable that the body with other field pathogens; usual disinfection measures, whether it is ultraviolet light irradiation, or the body spray, it is impossible to kill the pathogen inside the clothes. Therefore, the best way to approach the staff is to change clothes and take a bath. Those who need to work in the field must fumigate the clothes. Such disinfection is the most thorough.
8.4 Disinfection of Pigs
Pig sales personnel are inevitably in contact with pulling pigs during the sale of pigs. If the pigs are sold directly into the pighouse after the sale of pigs, there is a possibility that the pathogens will be brought into the pig house. In winter, a large area of ​​foot-and-mouth disease and contagious gastroenteritis may occur. Occurrence is directly related to the sale of pigs and must be given attention. The following measures are available for reference: (1) Using scales as a barrier, the people in the yard catch the pigs on the scales and call them to the pig collectors to catch the vehicles. This measure has been adopted in most pig farms and the pig collection personnel have Accepted; (2) Clear division of labor, fixed pigs near the scales, or people who are over-weighed, only in the area, other personnel are only responsible for rushing from the pigshed to the scales, not contact with the pig collectors; (3) There are special sales of pig clothes and shoes When selling pigs, each breeder involved in the sale of pigs will change their clothes and shoes for sale. After the sale of pigs, the pigs will be used after cleaning and disinfection; the breeders will still wear the original overalls and shoes for work. (4) Immediately after the pig is finished, Specialist shall be responsible for the thorough cleaning and disinfection of the sale of pigs; (5) Normally, the sale of pigs shall be turned into a quarantine area, and general personnel shall not enter; (6) Strict implementation of the above provisions shall not be violated by any person, otherwise it will be dealt with seriously. Many of the bosses considered the above measures, which are both costly and cumbersome. They are reluctant to implement them; we can calculate a bill, and if there is less occurrence of the sale of pigs, such as foot-and-mouth disease or contagious gastroenteritis, within five years. The loss of money is enough to do the above work dozens of times. We have calculated that if a contagious gastroenteritis occurs in a 10,000-pig farm, even if it does not cause death, it would cost more than 100,000 yuan to simply waste a week’s feed. (7 tons of material a day, 49 tons of material in seven days, 2,500 yuan per ton, a total of 122,500 yuan.)
8.5 Sterilization of corn
If we see corn hanging on the road in autumn and winter, vehicles will pass by. If we pull a pig car or even pull a dead pig's car, we accidentally drop something on the car. It may also contain pathogens. However, the corn we have acquired is often not miscellaneous, and when we buy it, we may use the pathogen directly to feed our pigs; "Illness from the mouth" becomes a reality. If we say that disinfecting incoming corn is not realistic, we can use effective methods to mitigate the hazards. For example, if the purchased corn is over-fed or sifted, it will be contaminated even if it is pathogenic; After the corn has been stored for a period of time, the pathogen will soon die after being freed from the living conditions; these two measures are not complicated and most of the farms can use it.
8.6 disinfection of mosquitoes
The harm of mosquitoes Everyone knows that the common diseases such as Eperythrozoonosis and Japanese Encephalitis in summer are mainly mosquito-borne; mosquito-borne diseases use its needles. When we emphasize a pig's needle, it is impossible to treat mosquitoes. The only way to disinfect the needles is to make sure there are no mosquitoes on the field and it is best to eliminate mosquitoes.
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