During the winter rapeseed planting and planting period in this year, continuous raining in the southwestern region and less precipitation in most regions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are not conducive to seedling cultivation and timely planting of rapeseed, resulting in postponement of the planting period in some regions, and poor seedling growth. To this end, it is necessary to strengthen the management of field crops before winter, promote the transformation of the seedlings, realize the overwintering of strong seedlings, and lay a good foundation for the high yield of rapeseed. The oil expert expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture, on the basis of careful analysis of the current situation of the seedlings and the autumn and winter air, studied and put forward the management opinions of field rape before winter.
First, timely transplanting or seedlings to speed up seedling growth. October is a relatively good period for the luster of autumn, and it is also the best time for planting rapeseed. All localities must seize the opportunity to rush to grab, plant and grab the pipe. To promote the early emergence of rapeseed, rapid growth, nurturing strong seedlings, prevent the occurrence of high seedlings, weak seedlings, and improve the cold resistance of winter rapeseed.
In areas where nursery and transplanting methods are adopted, it is necessary to seize the favorable opportunity for good lye after the rain and transplant them in time. 5 to 7 days before transplanting, the husbandry fertilizer (3 kg per acre topdressing urea) was applied and combined with pest control. When transplanting, large seedlings should be planted first, and seedlings should be planted later and the transplanting density should be appropriately increased. Transplanting rapeseed in cotton fields requires no-tillage between cotton rows. Due to the high fertility of cotton fields, the transplanting density is generally about 0.6 thousand per acre. Oilseed rape can be transplanted and transplanted in two crops, such as open-tillage and no-tillage. Due to the poor fertility of paddy fields, the transplanting density should reach about 0.8 million lines. Rice seedlings transplanted with rapeseed rape should be transplanted with strong seedlings. After the late rice is harvested, the rice should be transplanted immediately after no-tillage and then ditched, grabbed and planted, planted early, and returned to green and early growth.
In places where live broadcasting is adopted, early broadcasts must be robbed. The use of mechanical precision sowing of rape generally does not require seedlings Dingmiao, but the lack of monopoly of the field to timely reseeding or supplementary planting, planting density should be increased by about 30%. For seeded, drilled and seeded live rapeseed, the density is generally too large, and the seedlings must be seeded in time between 2 and 3 leaves, and the seedlings must be seeded before and after the 4 to 5 leaf phases, leaving 2-30000 seedlings per acre.
Second, cultivating fertilizer, to ensure safe winter. Some parts of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River this year are arid and rainy. The temperature is relatively low, and rapeseed grows weaker. After transplanting rapeseed to green or live rape seedlings, before the rain, 5-6 kilograms of urea per acre will be used to raise seedlings in a timely manner to promote early-onset strong seedlings. The amount of topdressing can be reduced by 20%~30% for cottonseed rape with higher fertility level or rapeseed growing more prosperously. The amount of topdressing can be increased for rapeseed with low fertility level, poorly growing rapeseed or late sowing rapeseed. 30% to 40% dosage.
In late December to early January, according to the growing trend of seedlings applied fertilizer, usually 3-5 per kilogram of urea, potassium chloride 5-6 kilograms. To moderately prosperous, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizers by about 20% and control the growth so that the strong seedlings will survive winter. For fields with weaker growth, urea can be increased by 20% to 30%.
Third, the scientific use of drugs to prevent pests and weeds. The emergence of cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moths and aphids in seedling stage of rape was severe, especially before and after seedling and transplanting. It can be used 26% efficient anti-chlorprochlor emulsion, 30 ~ 40 ml per mu (active ingredient 7.8 ~ 10.4 g) watered 40 ~ 50 kg spray. Oilseed rape can be sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2500 times or 50% anti-inflavor wettable powder 3000 ~ 5000 times spray control. The late autumn in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is prone to rain, and it is prone to root canal disease and damping-off disease. It can be controlled by 10% suspension spray of Cyazofamid in the seedling stage.
Before the winter of the Yangtze River, the climate is humid and the temperature is appropriate, which is conducive to the rapid growth of weeds. The prevention and control will not be timely. It will not only compete with the rapeseed for water but also increase the occurrence of pests and diseases. Live rape can be closed and weeded during sowing. Do not break soil before cultivating.
For those fields that have not been closed and weeded, selective herbicides such as Ganoderma lucidum and Scorpion are applied in the early stages of germination or seedling emergence of weeds.
Fourth, strengthen prevention and reduce disaster losses. The Yangtze River Valley is prone to natural disasters such as waterlogging, drought, and freezing in autumn and winter, and effective technology measures must be taken to reduce disaster losses. Clean up and clear the three ditch in time to ensure that the ditch, gutter, and main ditch are deepened and deepened to reach the same ditch, ensuring smooth drainage, preventing stains from falling, and promoting the growth of rapeseed roots. For drought-prone areas in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huang-Huai, etc., it is necessary to prepare for the drought response plan and timely flood and drought relief should drought occur. The mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huanghuai are the key areas for the occurrence of frost damage. After applying the wax fertilizer before the winter solstice, timely cultivating once, smashing the fine soil blocks, and cultivating the soil to improve the antifreeze ability of the root system and reduce the occurrence of Sclerotinia disease in the following year. Overgrown rapeseeds are very prone to freezing, spraying 40ppm of uniconazole before winter, improving cold resistance and frost resistance.
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