First, the need for fertilizer characteristics of sweet cherries
1, based on fertilization
The fertilization of sweet cherry should be based on the tree age, tree vigor, soil fertility and the required fertilizer characteristics of the varieties, and master the types of fertilizers, the amount of fertilization, the time and method. The nutrients needed for the growth and development of sweet cherries can be supplied in a timely and appropriate manner to achieve the purpose of strong trees, high quality and high yield.
For sapling trees up to 3 years old, the tree body is in the period of crown enlargement and the vegetative growth is strong. In this period, the demand for nitrogen and phosphorus is high, and nitrogen should be used as the main component, supplemented with appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer to promote the early formation of the crown, which will lay a solid foundation for the results. The first fruit period is 4-6 years. In addition to the continuous expansion of the crown, the branches and leaves continue to increase. The key is to complete the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Promoting flower bud differentiation is an important task for fertilization. Therefore, we should pay attention to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. After entering the fruit stage after 7 years of life, in addition to supplying the nutrient required for tree growth and supplemental consumption, it is more important to provide adequate nutrition for fruit growth. The growth of cherry fruits requires more potassium, and the application amount of potassium fertilizer should be increased.
2, the characteristics of annual cycle needs fertilizer
During the annual cycle, cherries have the characteristics of rapid growth and development, and the need for fat concentration. From leaf development, flowering, fruit development to maturity, all are concentrated in the first half of growth, from late April to late June, while flower bud differentiation is concentrated in the shorter period after fruit picking. Because of the low temperature and soil temperature in early spring, the activities of the roots are poor, and the ability to absorb nutrients is weak. Therefore, in the first half of growth, the nutrients stored in the pre-winter tree are mainly used, and the amount and distribution of nutrients have a great influence on the growth of cherry branches in early spring, flowering fruit set and fruit enlargement. In the fertilization of cherry, we must pay attention to the fertilization in autumn. The top dressing should catch two key periods before and after harvest.
Second, the principle of fertilization
1, increase organic fertilizer, with stability as the core. Organic manure not only has the characteristics of comprehensive nutrients, but also can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, and is conducive to the occurrence and growth of sweet cherry roots, and expand the distribution of the root system. Early application of basal fertilizer, and more organic fertilizer can also increase the storage of sweet cherry, increase the fruit setting rate, increase yield, and improve quality.
2. Grab a few key fertilization periods. In the early stage of life cycle, the first step is to promote prosperous growth, and then timely control of crown to promote flower bud differentiation. In the annual cycle, the three stages of sprouting, harvesting, harvesting, and dormancy are grasped.
3, based on balanced fertilizer. Basal fertilizer should be based on balanced fertilization, and then focus on the characteristics of fertilizer requirements in each period.
Third, fertilization technology
1. Qiushi basal fertilizer: Basal manure is mainly organic manure, and it is applied with balanced potassium sulphate compound fertilizer. Generally, it is carried out from September to October. Early application of hazards can exert fertilizer effect as early as possible, which is beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients in tree storage. The application methods of basal fertilizer mainly include radiation groove and ring groove method. The radiation groove method is to excavate 50 cm away from the trunk. The radiation groove should be narrow inside and outside, and the depth inside is shallow. The width and depth near one end of the trunk should be about 30 cm, and the distance from the end of the trunk should be 40-50 cm. The length is about 20 cm beyond the projection of the crown, and the number of grooves is 4-6. The ring groove is a ring groove with a length of 50 centimeters and a depth of 40-50 centimeters at the projection of the crown. The fertilization ditch needs to change its position each year and alternately.
2. Soil topdressing: During cherry blossoming, a large amount of nutrients are consumed, and nutrient conditions have higher requirements. Appropriate topdressing fertilizers must be applied in a timely manner to increase fruit setting rate, increase fruit size, improve quality, and promote leaf growth. Top dressing is mainly NPK fertilizer. In the fruit-bearing period, the big tree generally applies about 1 kilogram of compound fertilizer, chasing after the ditch, chasing and watering. After the cherry fruit is harvested, due to the lack of nutrients in the tree as a result of flowering, plus this period is the time of flower bud differentiation and the early period of nutrient accumulation, which requires timely nutrition. The nutrient supplementation after fruit harvesting is generally carried out in the middle and late June to early July in the fruit harvest period. In the fruit-bearing period, large trees generally produce 1.5 kg of compound fertilizer. The fertilization method can use a plurality of radial grooves or annular grooves.
3, outside the root dressing: flowering borax can be sprayed 1-2 times, the fruit coloring period can be sprayed potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 times. The top-dressing fertilizer can be combined with pest control, but it requires no adverse reaction between the two, spraying time is generally in the afternoon or evening.
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