(a) Functions and uses
Shorten the watermelon planting cycle, overcome adversity damage, advance maturity, improve resource utilization and production efficiency.
(II) Technical Introduction
1. Nursery substrate
Commonly used nursery substrates are peat, perlite, vermiculite, mushroom slag, etc. Formulated as: peat: perlite (particle size 3 mm) in a ratio of 7:3 or mushroom dregs: a ratio of peat: 3:1 per cubic meter of substrate Add 15:15:15 nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ternary compound fertilizer 2.0 kg and 2.0 kg puffed chicken manure, mix evenly, use 100% formalin to suffocate and sterilize for 2 days, open and ventilate for 2 days, then install plate. The trays use 72-hole plastic plates or foam trays, and 8 cm 8 cm nutrients can also be used. When loading, the agglomerate matrix and chicken manure are removed with a sieve. It is advisable and reliable to mount the nursery substrate to the cavity 3/4.
2. Pre-processing
(1) Sowing and seed selection: Do the seed drying before sowing, or soaking at 35°C for 48 hours at constant temperature, selecting artificial or salt water, and do the seed germination test. According to the seed germination rate increased by 5-10% to determine the amount used.
(2) Sterilization and soaking: Seeds are usually soaked in a temperature of 55°C or formalin 100 times for 15 minutes, washed with warm water (about 25°C) for 3 to 4 hours.
(3) Germination: The seeds are wrapped with clean semi-wet gauze or towel, germinated in a thermostatic chamber at 30-32°C, and the seeds are cleaned twice a day sooner or later. Pick out the seeds of dew-white seeds. Normally, the new seeds are germinated in about 16 hours. If the seed breaks are in the night, they should be checked frequently, or the germination temperature should be lowered to 25°C in time.
(4) Seeding: Using sowing line operations, dry seed sowing can be performed directly without soaking and pregerminating. When artificial sowing, wetting the substrate 1 day before sowing, put the seeds flat in the hole, 1 capsule 1 point, germinating longer seeds straight into the hole, covering 1.0 to 1.5 cm thick vermiculite.
3. Seedling period management
(1) Germination: Place the sown plug in the germination chamber, control the room temperature at 30-32°C, and the relative humidity is about 90%. Use the spray system to keep the substrate moist. Seeding with dried seeds usually takes 3 to 4 days for the emergence of watermelon; if sowed with seeds that have already germinated, the emergence time is about 2 days. When the seedlings of most seedlings are unearthed, the seedling tray is moved to the afforestation room.
(2) Greening: The temperature of the afforestation room is controlled between 24°C and 27°C during the day and 18°C ​​to 20°C during the night. The temperature decreases by 3°C in cloudy and rainy days. The culture medium in the plug tray is less, and the water should be sprayed in time as appropriate. When the cotyledon is fully developed, the greening is completed. The spring greening of the watermelon seedling generally takes 7 days.
4. Seedling management
After the first true leaf of the watermelon is unfolded, the temperature is raised to 28°C to 30°C during the day, and soilless cultivation liquid (EC value 0.8 to 1.2) is poured once every 7 days; a 60W incandescent lamp is installed per square meter to fill the light to For each 16-hour period, one true leaf was added and the light-filling time was shortened by one hour to promote the formation and differentiation of female flowers. 7 to 10 days before emergence, cool (20 °C during the day, 15 °C at night), control the fertilizer to control the water and carry out hardening.
5. Emergence
Plug seedlings generally have a shorter time. When watermelon seedlings reach 4 leaves and 1 heart, large seedlings can emerge. The seedling age is about 30 to 35 days. One day before emergence, the substrate was poured with clear water, and the seedlings were gently raised with a special lifting device or bamboo shoots. Immediately after lifting, packing according to specifications, handling should be handled with care.
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