Blight is a disease caused by Rhizoctonia, which can infect almost all kinds of vegetables, especially cucumbers, watermelons, eggplants, peppers, tomatoes, etc. Winter and spring seedlings are most susceptible to the disease. The disease at the seedling stage of vegetables is slightly later than that of cataplexy, which mainly damages large seedlings and causes a large number of dead seedlings. It is hoped that the vegetable farmer will pay high attention to this disease.
First, the symptoms
The base of the young shoot of the diseased seedling produces an oval-shaped brown spot that can circumnavigate the stem one week. The diseased part rots and rots, and sometimes the upper part of the seedling expands to form a small stick-shaped shape on the upper end. Roots of the seedlings are rotted, dark brown or black. The diseased seedlings are wilted during the day and recover at night, and then die with the disease. During the wet period, the disease minister had sparse arachnids, light brown, that is pathogenic bacteria. The diseased plants stood dead with no obvious mycelium in the diseased part, but the fallen seedlings fell down after lodging, and the mycelium was densely layered in the diseased part, which was the main feature of the difference between the two diseases.
Second, the incidence of the law
Rhizoctonia solani with mycelia or sclerotium is overwintering on soil and diseased bodies. The condition is suitable for producing hyphae and invading seedlings. Germs can survive in soil for 2 to 3 years and are spread by rainwater, irrigation water, and top dressing. The growth temperature range of bacteria is wide, and can be from 12°C to 30°C, but it is most suitable at 18°C ​​to 28°C. High temperature and high humidity, the temperature is high and low, which is conducive to the spread of disease. Changes in bed temperature, bed temperature is too high or too low, the incidence is also heavy. Even rainy days and snow days are conducive to the occurrence of the disease.
Third, control methods
1. Seedbed preparation. To choose a high-drying terrain, leeward sunny, easy drainage, soil loose and fertile and has not been planted for many years the disease-free plots do seedbeds, the old seedbed need to change the use of disease-free soil. Before sowing, it is necessary to fully turn over the sun, rinse the soil, spread the nutritious soil, and prepare the nutrient soil for the farmhouse fertilizer to be fully decomposed.
2. Soil treatment. Seedbed soil needs to be sterilized. According to the per square meter seedbed with 25% metalaxyl wettable powder 5 grams and 50% carbendazim WP 5 grams of the amount, add appropriate amount of fine soil, mixed evenly made of medicinal soil. Or per square meter with 40% pentachloronitrobenzene 9-10 grams of seedbed, add 4 ~ 5 kg of fine soil mix into a drug soil. Spread 1/3 of the drug soil in the seedbed, and cover the soil with the remaining 2/3 seed, sandwiching the seeds.
3. Seed treatment. With 95% badew spirit seed dressing, per kilogram of seed medication 1 to 1.5 grams, dry mix and wet mix can be mixed immediately after sowing, do not need to boring species, to prevent injury.
4. Seedling management. Seedling management should be adapted to local conditions, scientifically regulate the temperature, do a good job of water and fertilizer management, make the temperature appropriate, adequate light, and after a certain amount of low-temperature exercise, in order to cultivate strong disease-resistant seedlings. One true leaf lobe heart to three true leaf lobes grow into small seedlings, which should increase light, increase the temperature, and promote root development. Before and after 3 true leaves, seedlings should be divided and 3 to 4 days before seedling separation. The temperature should be lowered, and more air should be released during the day to train seedlings. Sub-seedlings should gradually increase the amount of air to prevent leggy and reduce disease.
5. Chemical control. At the beginning of the onset, 50% acetaminophen WP can be sprayed with 1000 to 1500 times, and it can also be sprayed or irrigated with Green Hunter No. 3000 solution.
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