Garlic is a crop that shows good resistance to fertilizers. While base fertilizer is essential, additional topdressing in spring is still necessary for optimal growth. In high-yield fields, the total amount of topdressing should be carefully managed, with about 25 kg of pure nitrogen and 10 kg of potassium applied. Fertilization timing is crucial—nitrogen should be applied during the vigorous growth period, which typically occurs around mid-April. Potash, on the other hand, is most efficiently absorbed during the bulb expansion phase, known as Yu Yu to Li Xia. During the leaf formation stage, nitrogen is the primary nutrient required, and early reduction in its availability can significantly impact yield. Potassium deficiency is less noticeable in the early stages of garlic development but becomes more critical later on. The sprout growth period is when garlic absorbs the highest amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Garlic is also a sulfur-loving crop. Allicin, one of its key compounds, is a dithio compound, and most of the protein in garlic contains sulfur. Sulfur plays a vital role in enhancing garlic quality. Studies have shown that the plant can best utilize nitrogen and sulfur when their ratio is close to the ideal. For garlic, the typical N/S ratio is around 12:1. However, in northern calcareous soils, sulfur has a low utilization rate (2–3%) because it tends to form calcium sulfate, making it less available. Nitrogen utilization is better, at 30–35%. The optimal N/S ratio for garlic is 4:5. Since sulfur is not easily reabsorbed by the plant, it must be supplied during the middle growth stage to maximize fertilizer efficiency. Based on the needs of garlic, a 40% nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer blend (N ≥ 17.5%, S ≥ 22.5%) is recommended. Slow-release fertilizers combined with fulvic acid can enhance root development, improve disease resistance, increase fertilizer efficiency, and help prevent premature aging while boosting overall yield.
In addition to chemical fertilizers, green manure application is beneficial. After rain, snow, or ice, 15–20 kg of 40% nitrogen-sulfur fertilizer can be applied. In early April, another 20–30 kg of the same fertilizer should be used to meet the high demand for nitrogen and sulfur during the vigorous growth phase. When garlic sprouts begin to emerge, applying 15–20 kg of high-nitrogen and high-potassium fertilizer with water can speed up bulb expansion. These practices ensure balanced nutrition and promote healthy, high-quality garlic production. (Dong Kefeng)
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