Garlic is a crop that is relatively resistant to fertilizers. However, even after applying the base fertilizer, it's still essential to apply additional nutrients in the spring. In high-yield fields, the total amount of topdressing should be controlled at around 25 kg of pure nitrogen and 10 kg of potassium per hectare. Fertilization should be timed carefully—during the vigorous growth period, which typically occurs in mid-April, nitrogen fertilizer is most effective. During the garlic bulb expansion phase (from Yu Yu to Xia Ya), potassium fertilizer shows the highest efficiency. Nitrogen is the primary nutrient required during the leaf formation stage, and its availability significantly impacts yield. Early reduction in nitrogen supply can lead to lower productivity.
During the later stages of garlic development, potassium deficiency becomes more pronounced, affecting the overall quality and yield. The early growth stage of garlic sprouts is when the plant absorbs the most nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Garlic is also a sulfur-loving crop. Allicin, one of its key compounds, is a dithio compound, and most of the proteins in garlic contain sulfur, which plays a vital role in improving its quality. Studies show that the optimal utilization of both nitrogen and sulfur occurs when the N/S ratio is close to ideal. For garlic, the typical N/S ratio is around 12:1. However, in northern calcareous soils, sulfur has a low utilization rate—only 2–3%—as it tends to form calcium sulfate, making it less available to plants. Nitrogen utilization is higher, ranging from 30–35%. The best N/S ratio for garlic is actually 4:5. Since sulfur is not easily reabsorbed by the plant, it must be applied during the middle growth stage to maximize fertilizer efficiency.
Based on the specific needs of garlic, a 40% nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer blend with at least 17.5% nitrogen and 22.5% sulfur is recommended. Long-acting fertilizers provide quick and balanced nutrition, while fulvic acid enhances root development, improves disease resistance, increases fertilizer efficiency, and helps prevent premature aging, ultimately boosting yield.
After rain or snow, when the soil is moist, it’s a good time to apply green manure. A 40% nitrogen-sulfur fertilizer application of 15–20 kg per acre is advised. In early April, during the rapid growth phase, 20–30 kg of 40% nitrogen-sulfur fertilizer should be applied to meet the increased demand for nitrogen and sulfur. When the garlic sprouts emerge, 15–20 kg of high-nitrogen and high-potassium fertilizer mixed with water can be used to speed up bulb expansion. These practices ensure that garlic receives the right nutrients at the right time, leading to better growth and higher yields. (Dong Kefeng)
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