Greenhouse cucumbers are planted off-season, and physiological abnormalities often occur during growth and development. The so-called physiological abnormality refers to abnormal growth of cucumber plants caused by abnormal management measures or unscientific management techniques. The essential difference with the disease is that it basically does not require chemical control. By improving management measures that cause plant abnormalities, good control effects can be achieved. According to the abnormal symptoms, identify the reasons for the occurrence, and take timely measures to ensure the normal growth of cucumber.
I. Melon
The main performance is that the melon strip grows to 2 to 5 cm in length and stops growing and wilt. Causes: First, continuous cloudy weather, insufficient illumination, excessive density, poor light transmission, decreased photosynthesis, insufficient nutrients, and accumulation of melons; second, inadequate water and fertilizer, unreasonable ratio of nutrient and nutrition, and impeded nutrition for plant growth and development. Cause malnutrition and melons; Third, the lower part of the plant melon harvesting is not timely, and the supply of nutrients in the upper part of the plant flowers is insufficient, the melons compete for nutrients and produce malnutrition resulting in melons; Fourth, female flowers under high temperature or low temperature dysplasia, low temperature Under photosynthesis and root absorption capacity is affected, resulting in malnutrition and melon; Fifth, high night temperature, high humidity, too much nitrogen supply cucumber growers, vegetative growth and reproductive growth incoordination of melon; Sixth, disease and insect pests caused by leaf necrosis Yellow and affect photosynthesis, so that poor growth of cucumber caused by melon.
Control methods: First, regulate the temperature, during the day the temperature is controlled at 25 °C ~ 30 °C, about 15 °C at night; Second, the rational close planting, according to the characteristics of the species and soil fertility determined to prevent the density is too large; Third, increase the light, cloudy At low temperature, try to increase scattered light, conditionally artificially fill light, and apply foliar fertilizer; fourth is to properly ventilate, discharge toxic and harmful gases, increase carbon dioxide gas to enter, and promote the accumulation of assimilation; Fifth, to strengthen fertilizer management and disease Insect control.
Second, malformation melon
The melons of normal growing cucumbers are straight, cylindrical and apex slightly pointed. For example, in the process of growth and development of cucumbers, environmental conditions such as malnutrition, lack of light and poor management are encountered. Especially in the process of back-season cultivation of greenhouses, the malformation of melons often occurs due to certain conditions that cannot meet the requirements for the growth of cucumbers. The commodity value and yield of cucumber.
1. Bent melons. Mainly the middle of the melon is curved to one side. Causes: First, dense planting, closed field, poor ventilation and light transmission; second, dry soil, lack of fertilizer, lack of water and nutrients; third, lack of light, caused by excessively low temperature; In time, the melon strips that are elongating are affected by stem vines and petioles, and cannot be caused by prolonged extension.
2. Daduguagua. The main part of the melon is thickened and thickened from the middle to the top. Causes: First, malnutrition, especially when the nitrogen, potassium, iron and other elements in the soil are insufficient, the plant growth is weak, resulting in less dry matter accumulation; second, the female flower pollination is not sufficient, the fertilized seed rapidly expands; the third is the same melon In the process of enlargement, the lack of water in the early stage and the sufficient water supply in the later period.
3. Sharp mouth melon. The main performance of the melon is gradually tapering from the middle to the top. Causes: First, the soil is dry, the salt concentration is too high, nutrients and water absorption are hindered; second, the female flower is not pollinated, and parthenocarpy is formed without seeds in the near umbilicus.
4. Waist gourd. The main performance of melons is thinner in the middle. Longitudinally cut parts of cracked pulp. Causes: First, high temperature and drought, lack of water supply, easy to produce thin waist gourd when growing weak; second is the lack of boron or the absorption of boron is blocked. Third, pollen development is not normal.
Control methods: Prevention and treatment of cucumber deformities should be prevented. When malformed melons are produced, the causes of malformed melons are determined according to their respective management levels, and management measures are adjusted. The first is the rational close planting. Planting density should be determined according to the level of soil fertility and species characteristics. Generally, 3500-4000 plants per acre are planted in rows and sizes to facilitate ventilation. The second is reasonable fertilization. Cucumber planting should be dominated by organic fertilizers. Fertilizers should be supplemented with phosphorus and potash fertilizers to supplement the application of micronutrients. It is best to use soil-based balanced fertilization. The third is balanced watering. According to the growing trend of cucumber and soil moisture, use a small amount of water to prevent flooding and avoid rooting of cucumber. Prevent the soil from getting too wet and dry to ensure a balanced supply of water. The fourth is to regulate temperature. Cucumber melon period during the day should be controlled at 23 °C ~ 30 °C, night 13 °C ~ 15 °C, to prevent the temperature is too low, especially in the rain and snow days, pay attention to insulation, conditions can be artificial warming fill light. Fifth, foliar fertilizer. Supplement cucumber plant nutrition to ensure robust growth. Leaf fertilizers are mainly phosphorus and potassium and trace elements, and they are sprayed for 10 to 15 days. Sixth is the appropriate sparse melon. When the plants are thin, they should be properly sparse and reduce the number of melons. Generally, 3 to 5 leaves retain a melon, or remove all the melons. After the melons recover, they will grow again.
Third, roots
The main manifestation is that the roots of the disease are grayish at the beginning of the disease and gradually develop into rust-brown to dark brown. In severe cases, the root system decays and no new roots are produced. As a result, the above-ground plants do not get enough water and nutrients, resulting in yellowing and yellowing of the veins between the leaves, severe wilting of the plants, and return to normal after the early evening. With the increase in the degree of roots, the leaves gradually scorch. The whole plant died.
Reasons for the occurrence: Even the temperature of the cloudy days is declining, the soil moisture content is high, the ventilation is not closed for a long period of time, the air around the root system is sparse and the long-term temperature is too low, which results in lack of oxygen in the roots. In particular, it is more likely to cause roots of cucumbers when it comes to continuous rain and snow.
Control methods: timely cultivating loose soil, raising the ground temperature, and ventilation, reduce the humidity and soil moisture content in the greenhouse.
Fourth, low temperature barriers
The main performance is yellow and white leaves, spots, shrinkage, curling, and wilting. Each growth period of cucumber may occur. The edges of the cotyledons appear white in the seedling stage, the leaves turn yellow, and the roots are not rotten or long. If the ground temperature is lower than 12°C for a long time, the seedling growth will be slow and the leaf color will be shallow. The edge of the plant is yellow and the growth is stagnant; in the adult plant, the chlorosis of the leaf is yellowish-white, and the nighttime temperature is lower than 5°C for a long time. The plants often do not grow roots or differentiate flower buds; in the low temperature below 0°C, freezing damage occurs. Leaf tissue necrosis, resulting in some leaves dead, easy to induce disease.
Cause: The plants are cold and cold at low temperatures. The protoplasm of root cells flows slowly, and the osmotic pressure of the cells decreases, resulting in unbalanced water supply and demand. When the temperature falls below the freezing point, the water in the intercellular space freezes, causing the water in the protoplasm of the cells to be analyzed, and the ice gradually enlarges, causing the cells to dehydrate or cause the cells to rise away and die, and the plants wilting and dying.
Control methods: First, use low-temperature resistant varieties; Second, low-temperature exercise, and experience low temperatures at seedling stage can improve cold resistance; Third, cover sheds, old shed films, and non-woven fabrics on the shed to increase sheds. Internal temperature; Fourth, temporary warming. In continuous rainy and snowy weather, when it is difficult to guarantee the growth of vegetables, the temperature of the stove or charcoal pots should be increased to prevent the vegetables from freezing. However, attention must be paid to installing a chimney on the stove to prevent harmful gases from remaining in the shed. It must be slow when warming up.
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