Tremella fuciformis is a fungus with a relatively short growth cycle and is classified as a medium-temperature species that thrives under stable temperature conditions. Its unique biological characteristics make it highly sensitive to improper management, which can lead to poor yields or even total crop failure. A comprehensive analysis of the common technical issues encountered in cultivation reveals several key factors:
One major issue is the poor quality of the bacterial bags. After inoculation, contamination is often severe due to incomplete sterilization of the bags, excessive pinholes in the material, or overly moist culture media. Additionally, if the mixing and bagging process takes too long, the internal temperature rises, promoting microbial activity and causing the culture to spoil, making it unsuitable for mycelium growth.
Another factor is incorrect timing of cultivation. Tremella fuciformis should be cultivated in spring or autumn when temperatures are moderate. However, some farmers tend to plant too early or too late, exposing the crop to extreme temperatures. In spring, cold weather weakens the mycelium, while in autumn, high temperatures can damage the growing hyphae, leading to poor ear formation and reduced yield.
Inadequate sterilization during inoculation is another critical problem. If the inoculation room and tools are not properly disinfected, or if the surrounding environment is contaminated (such as being near a food fermentation area), the risk of bacterial contamination increases. Poor hygiene practices by workers, such as wearing unclean clothes, also contribute to infection.
Temperature control during the growth phase is equally important. The initial germination phase requires temperatures below 30°C, and the subsequent growth phase should remain under 28°C. Failure to manage these temperature limits can result in heat stress, leading to black water excretion, bad ears, or even complete failure. Conversely, if the temperature drops too low, especially in winter, the mycelium may become sluggish, producing white mucus and affecting the final yield.
Incorrect timing for opening the bags is another common mistake. The optimal time for opening the bag for oxygen intake is around day 10 for small openings, followed by tearing the tape after 2–3 days and cutting the film after 2 more days, totaling about 15–16 days. Delaying this step can cause oxygen deficiency, leading to weak and stunted growth.
Over-spraying water during the humidification stage is also problematic. If the bags are not sprayed in time after opening, the internal moisture evaporates quickly, causing the hyphae to dry out and preventing proper base formation. Some growers mistakenly mimic practices used for black fungus, over-spraying and washing away the primordia, which are delicate and easily damaged. Excessive watering can also promote mold growth and reduce ear formation.
Improper shed design further complicates the process. Many traditional sheds have single doors without windows, limiting air circulation. This leads to poor ventilation at the back, resulting in uneven ear development. Some facilities lack upper ventilation, causing condensation to collect on the top shelves and leading to rotting of the bacterial bags.
Poor-quality strains are another contributing factor. Contaminated or impure strains, including those with bacteria or viruses, can outcompete the Tremella mycelium, leading to failed crops. Some strains degrade after inoculation, showing initial growth but then turning black and disappearing, leaving no harvest. Additionally, imbalances in the hybrid mycelium during seed production can lead to dominance of one type, inhibiting the growth of the other and reducing ear formation.
Finally, inadequate pest control is a serious concern. If pesticides are not applied before opening the bags, pests like flies and worms can enter through the holes, damaging the mycelium and preventing ear development. Without proper screening on windows, these pests can multiply rapidly, laying eggs inside the bags and causing widespread damage.
By addressing these issues through better management, proper sterilization, accurate temperature control, and improved facility design, growers can significantly improve their success rate in cultivating Tremella fuciformis.
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